- Pharmacologic therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis focusing on pathophysiology
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In Cheol Yoon, Jong Ryeol Eun
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Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2019;36(2):67-77. Published online April 11, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00171
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Abstract
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- The paradigm of chronic liver diseases has been shifting. Although hepatitis B and C viral infections are still the main causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the introduction of effective antiviral drugs may control or cure them in the near future. In contrast, the burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing for decades, and 25 to 30% of the general population in Korea is estimated to have NAFLD. Over 10% of NAFLD patients may have nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe form of NAFLD. NASH can progress to cirrhosis and HCC. NASH is currently the second leading cause to be placed on the liver transplantation list in the United States. NAFLD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology is complex and associated with lipotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, and insulin resistance. The only proven effective treatment is weight reduction by diet and exercise. However, this may not be effective for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Therefore, effective drugs are urgently needed for treating these conditions. Unfortunately, no drugs have been approved for the treatment of NASH. Many pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop new drugs for the treatment of NASH. Some of them are in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials. Here, pharmacologic therapies in clinical trials, as well as the basic principles of drug therapy, will be reviewed, focusing on pathophysiology.
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Tharani Senavirathna, Armaghan Shafaei, Ricky Lareu, Lois Balmer Antioxidants.2024; 13(4): 485. CrossRef - Mechanism of PANoptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
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Hengxian Qu, Lina Zong, Jian Sang, Yunchao Wa, Dawei Chen, Yujun Huang, Xia Chen, Ruixia Gu Nutrients.2022; 14(22): 4850. CrossRef - Oxidative Stress Is a Key Modulator in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Yuanqiang Ma, Gyurim Lee, Su-Young Heo, Yoon-Seok Roh Antioxidants.2021; 11(1): 91. CrossRef - Elevated 1-h post-load plasma glucose levels in normal glucose tolerance children with obesity is associated with early carotid atherosclerosis
Suna Kılınç, Tuna Demirbaş, Enver Atay, Ömer Ceran, Zeynep Atay Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2020; 14(2): 136. CrossRef - Pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH in Experimental Models: The Role of Food Intake Regulating Peptides
L. Kořínková, V. Pražienková, L. Černá, A. Karnošová, B. Železná, J. Kuneš, Lenka Maletínská Frontiers in Endocrinology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
- Massive bleeding from a rectal Dieulafoy lesion in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis
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Young Hoon Choi, Jong Ryeol Eun, Jae Ho Han, Hyun Lim, Jung A Shin, Gun Hwa Lee, Seung Hee Lee
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Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(1):88-90. Published online June 30, 2017
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.88
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- Although Dieulafoy lesion can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, its occurrence in the rectum is rare. Rectal Dieulafoy lesions have been associated with advanced age, renal failure, burns, liver transplantation and cirrhosis. Here, we report on a case of massive bleeding from a rectal Dieulafoy lesion after lung decortication surgery in a 57-year-old male patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. Although rare, a rectal Dieulafoy lesion should be included in the differential diagnosis of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis.
- Cellular origin of liver cancer stem cells.
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Jong Ryeol Eun
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Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(1):1-7. Published online June 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.1.1
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Abstract
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- Over several decades, a hierarchical cancer stem cell (CSC) model has been established in development of solid cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In terms of this concept, HCCs originate from liver CSCs. Clinically HCCs show a wide range of manifestations from slow growth to very aggressive metastasis. One of the reasons may be that liver CSCs originate from different cells. This review describes the basic concept of CSCs and the cellular origin of liver CSCs.
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