Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Development of an RGB-depth camera-based gait analysis system: a single-case study of a patient with stroke: Min Cheol Chang, Juyeon Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Wooktae Park, Gun Woo Lee, Yoo Jin Choo; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:15. Published online January 24, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.15

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Alterations in gait patterns often indicate health status, and their analysis enables the diagnosis and assessment of various health conditions. This study aimed to develop a noncontact gait analysis system using red, green, and blue-depth (RGB-D) cameras and to evaluate its potential clinical applicability. A single case study was conducted to assess changes in the gait patterns of a patient with stroke before and after the application of an ankle-foot orthosis. Twenty walking trials were recorded to evaluate the key gait parameters. The custom RGB-D camera-based gait analysis system demonstrated the potential to rapidly quantify key gait parameters in the patient. Compared with normative data, it effectively identified characteristic stroke-related gait impairments such as shorter step lengths and slower gait speeds. However, the intraclass correlation coefficient analysis indicated low measurement reliability. Although the stance time and minimum knee angle on the left and right sides exceeded the standard error of measurement (SEM), no changes exceeded the minimal detectable change (MDC) criteria. Moreover, other gait parameters did not show significant changes beyond SEM or MDC, limiting the interpretability of the results. Therefore, further technological developments and data collection are required to improve test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change.

Communications

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
The applicability of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine: Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):53-55. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01144

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A noncontact sensor field is an innovative device that can detect, measure, or monitor physical properties or conditions without direct physical contact with the subject or object under examination. These sensors use a variety of methods, including electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic technique, to collect information about the target without physical interaction. Noncontact sensors find wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, robotics, automobiles, security, environmental monitoring, space industry, agriculture, and entertainment. In particular, they are used in the medical field, where they provide continuous monitoring of patient conditions and offer opportunities in rehabilitation medicine. This article introduces the potential of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging technologies in the field of medicine presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2025
Jong-Ryul Yang, Min Cheol Chang
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 31. CrossRef
Application of noncontact sensors for cardiopulmonary physiology and body weight monitoring at home: A narrative review
Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Heeyeon Won, Min Cheol Chang
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39607. CrossRef
Thinking machines: artificial intelligence in rehabilitation and beyond
Massimiliano Polastri
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(10): 1. CrossRef

Original article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Risk factors affecting amputation in diabetic foot: Jun Ho Lee, Ji Sung Yoon, Hyoung Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won, Jun Sung Moon, Seung Min Chung, Yin Young Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):314-320. Published online May 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00129

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Abstract PDF

Background
A diabetic foot is the most common cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations (LEA). The study seeks to assess the risk factors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).
Methods
The study was conducted on 351 patients with DFUs from January 2010 to December 2018. Their demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory data, ankle-brachial index, Wagner classification, osteomyelitis, sarcopenia index, and ulcer sizes were considered as variables to predict outcome. A chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to test the relationship of the data gathered. Additionally, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their amputation surgery.
Results
Out of the 351 subjects, 170 required LEA. The mean age of the subjects was 61 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of these averages. Osteomyelitis (hazard ratio [HR], 6.164; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.561−10.671), lesion on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (HR, 2.494; 95% CI, 1.087−5.721), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.981−0.999), ulcer size (HR, 1.247; 95% CI, 1.107−1.405), and forefoot ulcer location (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 0.224−0.73) were associated with risk of amputation.
Conclusion
Osteomyelitis, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, ulcer size, and forefoot ulcer location were risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot patients. Further investigation would contribute to the establishment of a diabetic foot risk stratification system for Koreans, allowing for optimal individualized treatment.

Citations

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Hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet score associated with diabetic foot severity, unlike modified systemic immune-inflammatory index and modified systemic inflammatory response index
Weiyu Pan, Zhaoyuan Nie, Qizhi Tang, Ling Zhao
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Sarcopenia Influences Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Aged 75 Years and Older
Volker H. Schmitt, Lukas Hobohm, Christoph Brochhausen, Christine Espinola-Klein, Philipp Lurz, Thomas Münzel, Omar Hahad, Karsten Keller
Annals of Vascular Surgery.2025; 110: 54. CrossRef
THE PREVALENCE OF ANISOMELIA AND NEUROSENSORY IMPAIRMENT AS RISK FACTORS FOR TROPHIC ULCER FORMATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Anna Ivanova, Oksana Melekhovets
Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal.2025; 13(1): 130. CrossRef
A comprehensive approach to diabetic foot ulcers treatment in patients with anisomelia
A.S. Ivanova, O.K. Melekhovets, I.V. Melekhovets
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Risk Factors for Amputation Among Patients with Diabetic Foot Disease in a Tertiary Hospital
Anna Colleen Rossi, Francis Pekdasen Solang, Isagani Garin
Philippine Journal of Orthopaedics.2025; 40(3): 36. CrossRef
Efficacy of Chinese and Western Medical Techniques in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Leg
Yongchong Chen, Yunzhu Wang, TaiAn Zhang, Chao Meng, Qing Li, Bohui Zhang, Kai Zhang, Chunfang Qin
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds.2024; 23(1): 70. CrossRef
Classification of foot ulcers in people with diabetes: A systematic review
Matilde Monteiro‐Soares, Emma J. Hamilton, David A. Russell, Gulapar Srisawasdi, Edward J. Boyko, Joseph L. Mills, William Jeffcoate, Fran Game
Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Atherogenic markers and 1-year amputation risk in adults with diabetic foot in a tertiary level hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Jerry K. Benites-Meza, Jussara Malo-Castillo, Percy Herrera-Añazco, Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(9): 108810. CrossRef
Lower extremity amputation rates in patients with chronic kidney disease: A database study comparing patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Dhruv Nandakumar, Matthew J. Johnson, Lawrence A. Lavery, Benjamin M. Conover, Katherine M. Raspovic, David H. Truong, Dane K. Wukich
Journal of Diabetes and its Complications.2024; 38(11): 108876. CrossRef
Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with diabetic foot ulcers undergoing amputation and establishment of a nomogram prediction model
Tiantian Xu, Lianqi Hu, Banglin Xie, Gendong Huang, Xiaolong Yu, Fengbo Mo, Wei Li, Meisong Zhu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival rate of diabetic-related lower extremity amputees in hospitals in the Eastern Cape
Aviwe S. Mgibantaka, Alfred Musekiwa, Moleen Zunza
African Journal of Disability.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Renal function is highly associated with podiatric risk in diabetic patients
Jean-Baptiste Bonnet, Ilan Szwarc, Antoine Avignon, Sébastien Jugant, Ariane Sultan
Clinical Kidney Journal.2023; 16(11): 2156. CrossRef
Risk factor analysis for diabetic foot ulcer‐related amputation including Controlling Nutritional Status score and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio
Yandan Zhu, Hongtao Xu, Yuzhen Wang, Xia Feng, Xinyu Liang, Liying Xu, Zhiqiang Liang, Zhongjia Xu, Yawen Li, Yi Le, Manchen Zhao, Jianfei Yang, Ji Li, Yemin Cao
International Wound Journal.2023; 20(10): 4050. CrossRef
The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Jinghang Zhang, Dong Chen, Xuemei Li, Min Ding, Jun Xu, Meijun Wang, Bai Chang
International Wound Journal.2022; 19(7): 1650. CrossRef
Renal Function Status in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Having Diabetic Foot Infection and Role of Antibiotics
Shabab Hussain, . Arrham, Syeda Javeriya Saeed, Ahmad Murtaza Anwar, Asif Khan, Saifullah Brohi
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2022; : 189. CrossRef
Re-understanding and focusing on normoalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease
Na An, Bi-tao Wu, Yu-wei Yang, Zheng-hong Huang, Jia-fu Feng
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Mehrdad Mokhtari, Reza Razzaghi, Mansooreh Momen‐Heravi
Phytotherapy Research.2021; 35(4): 2099. CrossRef
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Community-Dwelling Asian Population
Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Min Cheol Chang
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease hospitalized with diabetic foot disorders: A nationwide retrospective study
Michael Salim
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Diabetic foot infections: Profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital of Oman
Mohan Bilikallahalli Sannathimmappa, Vinod Nambiar, Rajeev Aravindakshan, Mohammad Saleem Jawad Al Khabori, Asma Hamed Sulaiman Al-Flaiti, Kadhiya Nasser Mohamed Al-Azri, Ali Khamis Saif Al-Reesi, Alya Rashid Mohammad Al Kiyumi
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
The relationship between muscle mitochondrial nutritional overloading and insulin resistance: Jae Han Jeon, Jun Sung Moon, Kyu Chang Won, In Kyu Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(1):19-28. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.19

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Abstract PDF: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance is growing rapidly. Multiple organs including the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue control insulin sensitivity coordinately, but the mechanism of skeletal muscle insulin resistance has not yet been fully elucidated. However, there is a growing body of evidence that lipotoxicity induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is an important mediator of insulin resistance. However, some recent findings suggest that skeletal mitochondrial dysfunction generated by genetic manipulation is not always correlated with insulin resistance in animal models. A high fat diet can provoke insulin resistance despite a coordinate increase in skeletal muscle mitochondria, which implies that mitochondrial dysfunction is not mandatory in insulin resistance. Furthermore, incomplete fatty acid oxidation by excessive nutrition supply compared to mitochondrial demand can induce insulin resistance without preceding impairment of mitochondrial function. Taken together we suggested that skeletal muscle mitochondrial overloading, not mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a pivotal role in insulin resistance.

Case Reports

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pheochromocytoma presented as Cushing syndrome and complicated by invasive aspergillosis.: Jae Ho Cho, Da Eun Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Jong Geol Jang, Jun Sung Moon, Mi Jin Kim, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Hyoung Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(2):132-137. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.132

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Abstract PDF

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing pheochromocytoma has been rarely reported, whereas only a few cases of Cushing syndrome accompanied by opportunistic infections have been reported. We experienced a patient with pheochromocytoma with ectopic Cushing syndrome complicated by invasive aspergillosis. A 35-year-old woman presented with typical Cushingoid features. Her basal plasma cortisol, ACTH, and 24-hour urine free cortisol levels were significantly high, and 24-hour urine metanephrine and catecholamine levels were slightly elevated. The endogeneous cortisol secretion was not suppressed by either low- or high-dose dexamethasone. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a heterogeneous enhancing mass measuring approximately 2.5 cm in size in the left adrenal gland. No definitive mass lesion was observed on sellar magnetic resonance imaging. On fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT, a hypermetabolic nodule was observed in the left upper lung. Thus, we performed a percutaneous needle biopsy, which revealed inflammation, not malignancy. Thereafter, we performed a laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, and its pathologic finding was a pheochromocytoma with positive immunohistostaining for ACTH. After surgery, the biochemistry was normalized, but the clinical course was fatal despite intensive care because of the invasive aspergillosis that included the lungs, retina, and central nervous system.

Citations

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Ectopic ACTH- and/or CRH-Producing Pheochromocytomas
Patrick F Elliott, Thomas Berhane, Oskar Ragnarsson, Henrik Falhammar
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(2): 598. CrossRef
Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome (EAS) with phaeochromocytoma: a challenging endocrine case with a happy ending
Sharifah Faradila Wan Muhamad Hatta, Leoni Lekkakou, Ananth Viswananth, Harit Buch
BMJ Case Reports.2019; 12(8): e230636. CrossRef
Severe Cushing Syndrome Due to an ACTH-Producing Pheochromocytoma: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Jenan N Gabi, Maali M Milhem, Yara E Tovar, Emhemmid S Karem, Alaa Y Gabi, Rodhan A Khthir
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2018; 2(7): 621. CrossRef

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
A Case of Pancytopenia with Hyperthyroidism.: Tae Hoon Kim, Ji Sung Yoon, Byung Sam Park, Dong Won Lee, Jae Ho Cho, Jun Sung Moon, Eui Hyun Kim, Kyu Chang Won, Hyoung Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2013;30(1):47-50. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2013.30.1.47

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Abstract PDF

There has been an increase in the number of reports of atypical manifestations of Graves' disease (GD), such as jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Pancytopenia also rarely occurs in GD. In this paper, a case of pancytopenia with GD that was successfully treated with an anti-thyroid drug is reported. In this case, a 69-year-old woman showed pancytopenia with a normal peripheral blood smear, bone marrow aspiration smear and bone marrow biopsy. Her thyroid function test and thyroid scintigraphy confirmed her hyperthyroid status. Her laboratory abnormality and clinical condition improved after she was treated with an anti-thyroid drug. This is a rare case of pancytopenia associated with GD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Rare Autoimmune Pancytopenia Due to Graves Disease
Ally W Wang, Geeti Mahajan, Aaron Etra, Shira R Saul
JCEM Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic plasma exchange for Graves’ disease in pregnancy
Matthew Lumchee, Mimi Yue, Josephine Laurie, Adam Morton
Obstetric Medicine.2023; 16(2): 126. CrossRef
Non-myeloproliferative Pancytopenia: A Rare Presentation of Thyrotoxicosis
Izzathunnisa Rahmathullah, Maheswaran Umakanth, Suranga Singhapathirane
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Atypical Complications of Graves’ Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Khaled Ahmed Baagar, Mashhood Ahmed Siddique, Shaimaa Ahmed Arroub, Ahmed Hamdi Ebrahim, Amin Ahmed Jayyousi
Case Reports in Endocrinology.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef

Review Article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis.: Jun sung Moon, Kyu Chang Won; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2008;25(1):19-30. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2008.25.1.19

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Abstract PDF

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.

Citations

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Testing of CNN of Interpretation of Osteoporosis on Panoramic Radiographs
Heewon Choi, In-Ja Song, Suk-Ja Yoon, Ho-Jun Song
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Effects of Gloiopeltis furcata Extract on Antioxidant Activity and Osteoblast Differentiation
Jeong Hyeon Kang, Kyung Im Jung, Mi Hwa Park, Geun Hye Oh, Mihyang Kim
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Yu Chen Li, Min-seok Oh
Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2016; 26(3): 31. CrossRef
The Effects of Long term Osteoporosis Management Education on BMD Level and Medication Compliance in Postmenopausal Women
Dong-Hee Kim, Young-Sil Bae, Sang-Hwa Lee
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Consumption of health functional food and dietary habits, nutrient intake and dietary quality of college students in Incheon
So Young Kim, Jeong Soon You, Kyung Ja Chang
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2013; 46(2): 166. CrossRef
The usefulness of MR subtraction technique in metastatic spinal cancer
J-H Cho, H-K Lee, B-J Han, J Lee, K-R Dong, W-K Chung, J-Y Bae
The Imaging Science Journal.2013; 61(5): 419. CrossRef
Correlations between the MR Diffusion-weighted Image (DWI) and the bone mineral density (BMD) as a function of the soft tissue thickness-focus on phantom and patient
Myung-Sam Kim, Jae-Hwan Cho, Hae-Kag Lee, Sang-Jeong Lee, Cheol-Soo Park, Kyung-Rae Dong, Yong-Soon Park, Woon-Kwan Chung, Jong-Woong Lee, Ho-Sung Kim, Eun-Hye Kim, Dae Cheol Kweon, Hwa-Yeon Yeo
Journal of the Korean Physical Society.2013; 62(4): 684. CrossRef
A study on quantitative analyses before and after injection of contrast medium in spine examinations performed by using diffusion weighted image
Jae-Hwan Cho, Hae-Kag Lee, Yong- Kyun Kim, Kyung-Rae Dong, Woon-Kwan Chung, Kyu-Ji Joo
Journal of the Korean Physical Society.2013; 62(4): 700. CrossRef
The Correlation Analysis of BMD in Proximal Femur and Spine with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Man-Seok Han, Dong-Heon Cho
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2012; 17(9): 165. CrossRef
Influence of Knowledge and Subjective Health Status on Health Promoting Behavior About Osteoporosis in Industrial Workers
Soon Yi Seo, Jung Soon Lee
Journal of muscle and joint health.2012; 19(3): 340. CrossRef
SNR and ADC Value Change before and after the injection of contrast medium during DWI test on metastatic spinal cancer patients
Eng-Chan Kim, Ki-Hong Kim, Cheol-Soo Park, Sun-Yeob Lee, Heung-Joon Yoo, Jae-Hwan Cho, Hyun-Cheol Jang, Bo-Hui Kim, Man-Seok Han
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Bone Mineral Density and Factors Affecting in Female College Students
Dong Sook Cho, Jeung Yun Lee
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2008; 14(4): 297. CrossRef

Case Report

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Central Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Report.: Jin Ho Kim, Jun Sung Moon, Sun Jung Mun, Ji Eun Lee, Jae Won Choi, Mi Jung Eun, Kyung A Chun, Ihn Ho Cho, Ji Sung Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Kyung Hee Lee, Duk Seop Shin, Hyoung Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2005;22(2):259-265. Published online December 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.2.259

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Abstract PDF: Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome characterized by thirst, polydipsia and polyuria. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is one of the etiologies of DI. Recently we experienced a central DI associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The 44 years old female patient complained right hip pain, polydipsia and polyuria. We carried out water deprivation test. After vasopressin injection, urine osmotic pressure was increased from 109 mOsmol/kg to 327 mOsmol/kg (300%). Brain MRI showed a thickened pituitary stalk and air bubble like lesions sized with 5cm, 7cm was shown on fifth L-spine and right hip bone at hip bone CT. CT guided biopsy revealed abnormal histiocytes proliferation and abundant lymphocytes. The final diagnosis was central DI associated with systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis invading hip bone, L-spine and pituitary stalk. Desmopressin and etoposide chemotherapy were performed to the patient.

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