Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original article

Assessment of normal anal sphincter anatomy using transanal ultrasonography in healthy Korean volunteers: a retrospective observational study: Daeho Shon, Sohyun Kim, Sung Il Kang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):230-234. Published online December 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01515

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Background
To date, there have been no studies on the normal anatomic values of the anal sphincter in healthy Koreans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the normal anatomic values of transanal ultrasonography (TAUS).
Methods
The thickness of the external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) was measured by TAUS from healthy Korean volunteers between September 2019 and August 2021.
Results
Thirty-six volunteers with a median age of 37 years (range, 20–77 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 23.5 kg/m2 (range, 17.2–31.2 kg/m2) were examined. The median thickness of the EAS at 4 cm and 2 cm from the anal verge was 7.4 mm (range, 5.8–8.8 mm) and 6.5 mm (range, 5.6–8.0 mm), respectively. The median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm (range, 0.8-4.3 mm). There were no differences in sphincter muscle thickness between the sexes. However, the EAS tended to thicken as the BMI increased (EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge, Spearman rho=0.433, 0.363; p=0.008 and p=0.029, respectively).
Conclusion
In healthy Korean, the median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm and the median thickness of the EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge was 6.5 mm and 7.4 mm respectively. There were no differences in anal sphincter thickness between sexes, but BMI was related to EAS thickness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Anal Sphincter Defect and Fecal Incontinence
Sherief Mansi, Karla Vaz, Neha R. Santucci, Khalil El-Chammas, Kahleb Graham, Nelson G. Rosen, Ajay Kaul
JPGN Reports.2022; 3(4): e254. CrossRef

Case report

The diagnosis of an imperforate anus in female fetuses: Hyun Mi Kim, Hyun-Hwa Cha, Jong In Kim, Won Joon Seong, Sook-Hyun Park, Mi Ju Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):240-244. Published online October 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00507

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Abstract PDF

Imperforate anus is an anomaly caused by a defect in the development of the hindgut during early pregnancy. It is a relatively common congenital malformation and is more common in males. Although there are cases of a solitary imperforate anus, the condition is more commonly found as a part of a wider spectrum of other congenital anomalies. Although urgent reconstructive anorectal surgery is not necessary, immediate evaluation is important and urgent decompressive surgery may be required. Moreover, as there are often other anomalies that can affect management, prenatal diagnosis can help in optimizing perinatal care and prepare parents through prenatal counseling. In the past, imperforate anus was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography based on indirect signs such as bowel dilatation or intraluminal calcified meconium. Currently, it is diagnosed by directly checking the perineum with prenatal ultrasonography. Despite advances in ultrasound technology, accurate prenatal diagnosis is impossible in most cases and imperforate anus is detected after birth. Here, we present two cases of imperforate anus in female fetuses that were not diagnosed prenatally.

Citations

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Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology.2023; 6(4): 133. CrossRef
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Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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