Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original article

Dentistry
Galectin-3 as a possible link between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study: Sri Vidhya Marimuthu, Devi Arul, Muthukumar Santhanakrishnan, Ramprasad Elumalai, Sandhya Suresh, Sathya Selvarajan, Ravindranath Dhulipalla, Ramanarayana Boyapati; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:22. Published online January 20, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.22

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Abstract PDF: Background
Chronic periodontitis is associated with various systemic inflammatory diseases; however, research on its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is relatively limited. Because both conditions share common risk factors, systemic inflammation plays a key role in the progression of these diseases. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases and is a potential biomarker. This study aimed to measure salivary Gal-3 levels in patients with periodontitis and CKD to better understand their association and evaluate Gal-3 as a diagnostic biomarker for these conditions.
Methods
Seventy-five patients were categorized into three groups: Group I, patients with CKD and periodontitis (n=25); Group II, patients with chronic periodontitis who were systemically healthy (n=25); and Group III, patients with CKD without chronic periodontitis (n=25). Demographic characteristics and periodontal and renal parameters were recorded for each patient. Saliva samples were collected to evaluate Gal-3 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Patients with chronic periodontitis and CKD and those with chronic periodontitis alone (Groups I and II, respectively) showed significantly higher salivary Gal-3 levels than patients with CKD alone (Group III) (p<0.001). Bivariate correlation analysis indicated a strong relationship between clinical parameters and Gal-3 levels across all three groups.
Conclusion
Salivary Gal-3 level is a valuable early diagnostic marker of chronic periodontitis and CKD.

Review article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Advances, challenges, and prospects of electroencephalography-based biomarkers for psychiatric disorders: a narrative review: Seokho Yun; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):261-268. Published online September 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00668

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Owing to a lack of appropriate biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and treatment, psychiatric disorders cause significant distress and functional impairment, leading to social and economic losses. Biomarkers are essential for diagnosing, predicting, treating, and monitoring various diseases. However, their absence in psychiatry is linked to the complex structure of the brain and the lack of direct monitoring modalities. This review examines the potential of electroencephalography (EEG) as a neurophysiological tool for identifying psychiatric biomarkers. EEG noninvasively measures brain electrophysiological activity and is used to diagnose neurological disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia, and identify psychiatric biomarkers. Despite extensive research, EEG-based biomarkers have not been clinically utilized owing to measurement and analysis constraints. EEG studies have revealed spectral and complexity measures for depression, brainwave abnormalities in BD, and power spectral abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, no EEG-based biomarkers are currently used clinically for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The advantages of EEG include real-time data acquisition, noninvasiveness, cost-effectiveness, and high temporal resolution. Challenges such as low spatial resolution, susceptibility to interference, and complexity of data interpretation limit its clinical application. Integrating EEG with other neuroimaging techniques, advanced signal processing, and standardized protocols is essential to overcome these limitations. Artificial intelligence may enhance EEG analysis and biomarker discovery, potentially transforming psychiatric care by providing early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved disease progression monitoring.

Citations

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Original articles

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Prognostic impact of chromogranin A in patients with acute heart failure: Hong Nyun Kim, Dong Heon Yang, Bo Eun Park, Yoon Jung Park, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Se Yong Jang, Myung Hwan Bae, Jang Hoon Lee, Hun Sik Park, Yongkeun Cho, Shung Chull Chae; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):337-343. Published online July 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00843

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have been reported to predict mortality in patients with heart failure. However, information on the prognostic value and clinical availability of CgA is limited. We compared the prognostic value of CgA to that of previously proven natriuretic peptide biomarkers in patients with acute heart failure.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 272 patients (mean age, 68.5±15.6 years; 62.9% male) who underwent CgA test in the acute stage of heart failure hospitalization between June 2017 and June 2018. The median follow-up period was 348 days. Prognosis was assessed using the composite events of 1-year death and heart failure hospitalization.
Results
In-hospital mortality rate during index admission was 7.0% (n=19). During the 1-year follow-up, a composite event rate was observed in 12.1% (n=33) of the patients. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-year adverse events were 0.737 and 0.697 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and CgA, respectively. During follow-up, patients with high CgA levels (>158 pmol/L) had worse outcomes than those with low CgA levels (≤158 pmol/L) (85.2% vs. 58.6%, p<0.001). When stratifying the patients into four subgroups based on CgA and NT-proBNP levels, patients with high NT-proBNP and high CgA had the worst outcome. CgA had an incremental prognostic value when added to the combination of NT-proBNP and clinically relevant risk factors.
Conclusion
The prognostic power of CgA was comparable to that of NT-proBNP in patients with acute heart failure. The combination of CgA and NT-proBNP can improve prognosis prediction in these patients.

Citations

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Salivary chromogranin a reflects autonomic regulation during “wake to sleep” and “sleep to wake” transitions
Kentaro Taniguchi, Akitoshi Seiyama
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Michele Correale, Francesco Fioretti, Lucia Tricarico, Francesca Croella, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Riccardo M. Inciardi, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Savina Nodari
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(11): 3834. CrossRef
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Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(6): 898. CrossRef

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Usefulness of presepsin in predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis or septic shock: a retrospective cohort study: Jeong Suk Koh, Yoon Joo Kim, Da Hyun Kang, Jeong Eun Lee, Song-I Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):318-325. Published online June 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01018

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Abstract PDF

Background
The diagnosis and prediction of prognosis are important in patients with sepsis, and presepsin is helpful. In this study, we aimed to examine the usefulness of presepsin in predicting the prognosis of sepsis in Korea.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with sepsis according to the sepsis-3 criteria were recruited into the study and classified into surviving and non-surviving groups based on in-hospital mortality. A total of 153 patients (33 and 121 patients with sepsis and septic shock, respectively) were included from July 2019 to August 2020.
Results
Among the 153 patients with sepsis, 91 and 62 were in the survivor and non-survivor groups, respectively. Presepsin (p=0.004) and lactate (p=0.003) levels and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (p<0.001) were higher in the non-survivor group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed poor performances of presepsin and lactate in predicting the prognosis of sepsis (presepsin: area under the curve [AUC]=0.656, p=0.001; lactate: AUC=0.646, p=0.003). The SOFA score showed the best performance, with the highest AUC value (AUC=0.751, p<0.001). The prognostic cutoff point for presepsin was 1,176 pg/mL. Presepsin levels of >1,176 pg/mL (odds ratio [OR], 3.352; p<0.001), lactate levels (OR, 1.203; p=0.003), and SOFA score (OR, 1.249; p<0.001) were risk factors for in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion
Presepsin levels were higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Thus, presepsin may be a valuable biomarker in predicting the prognosis of sepsis.

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Prognostic value of presepsin in sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis
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Anlin Feng, Marissa D. Pokharel, Ying Liang, Wenli Ma, Saurabh Aggarwal, Stephen M. Black, Ting Wang
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Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Hebatallah Hany Assal, Safaa Mohamed Abdelrahman, Maha AlyAlden Abdelbasset, Mai Abdelaziz, Irene Mohamed Sabry, Marwa Moawad Shaban
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Urology
Significance of albumin to globulin ratio as a predictor of febrile urinary tract infection after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: Seung Yun Yi, Dong Jin Park, Kyungchan Min, Jae-Wook Chung, Yun-Sok Ha, Bum Soo Kim, Hyun Tae Kim, Tae-Hwan Kim, Eun Sang Yoo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):225-230. Published online April 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.00955

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Abstract PDF

Background
We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) in predicting postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).
Methods
From January 2013 to May 2018, 332 patients underwent URS and RIRS. The rate of postoperative fUTI and risk factors for postoperative fUTI were analyzed using logistic regression. Patients were divided into postoperative fUTI and non-postoperative fUTI (non-fUTI) groups. AGR with other demographic and perioperative data were compared between the two groups to predict the development of fUTI after URS.
Results
Of the 332 patients, postoperative fUTI occurred in 41 (12.3%). Preoperative pyuria, microscopic hematuria, diabetes mellitus, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia were more prevalent in the fUTI group. Patients in the fUTI group had larger stone size, lower preoperative AGR, longer operation time, and longer preoperative antibiotic coverage period. In a multivariable logistic analysis, preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size were independently correlated with postoperative fUTI (p<0.001, p=0.008, and p=0.041, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of AGR that could predict a high risk of fUTI after URS was 1.437 (sensitivity, 77.3%; specificity, 76.9%), while the cutoff value of stone size was 8.5 mm (sensitivity, 55.3%; specificity, 44.7%).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that preoperative pyuria, AGR, and stone size can serve as prognostic factors for predicting fUTI after URS.

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