Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review article

Gallbladder polyps: evolving approach to the diagnosis and management: Kook Hyun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(1):1-9. Published online May 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00213

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Gallbladder (GB) polyp is a mucosal projection into the GB lumen. With increasing health awareness, GB polyps are frequently found using ultrasonography during health screening. The prevalence of GB polyps ranges between 1.3% and 9.5%. Most patients are asymptomatic and have benign characteristics. Of the nonneoplastic polyps, cholesterol polyps are most common, accounting for 60%–70% of lesions. However, a few polyps have malignant potential. Currently, the guidelines recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy for polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter due to their malignan potential. The treatment algorithm can be influenced by the size, shape, and numbers of polyps, old age (>50 years), the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and gallstones. This review summarizes the commonly recognized concepts on GB polyps from diagnosis to an algorithm of treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Danning tablets for the treatment of multiple gallbladder polyps: Study protocol of multicentre, randomised, open-labelled, controlled trial
Tian Yang, Ming-Da Wang, Gui-Lin Xie, Xiong-Hua Wang, Liu Zheng, Li-Min Wang, Guang-Fa Xiao, Yong-Qing Yang, Chao Li, Alfred Wei Chieh Kow, Feng Shen
iLIVER.2024; 3(4): 100127. CrossRef
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder endoscopic mucosal resection: a pilot porcine study
Huifang Pang, Quan Man, Li Min, Zheng Zhang, Shengtao Zhu, Shuyue Yang, Yao Xu, Haijun Hou, Shutian Zhang, Peng Li
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies.2023; 32(1): 24. CrossRef
The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: A review
Klay Puay Khim Lim, Aaron Jia Loong Lee, Xiuting Jiang, Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Vishal G. Shelat
Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2023; 27(3): 241. CrossRef
The gallbladder: what’s new in 2022?
Rachel Runde, Edward D. Auyang, Raye Ng, Kaysey Llorente, Hina Arif Tiwari, Shana Elman, William M. Thompson
Abdominal Radiology.2022; 48(1): 2. CrossRef
Gallbladder polyps: diagnosis and treatment tactics (literature review)
S. N. Perekhodov, D. V. Nikolaev, S. S. Saidov
Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH).2021; 11(4): 88. CrossRef
Is there a role for growth status in distinguishing gallbladder adenomas from cholesterol polyps? – A retrospective study based on 520 cholecystectomy patients
Wenqing Bao, Anan Xu, Shubin Ni, Bo Wang, Humaira Urmi, Bin Zhao, Yongmei You, Hai Hu
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 56(12): 1450. CrossRef
Polyps and cancer of the biliary system (lecture for medical practitioners)
G. V. Shavkuta
South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice.2020; 1(2): 78. CrossRef

Original article

Comparison of three different endoscopic approaches in the treatment of bladder calculi: Jae Youn Jang, Young Hwii Ko, Phil Hyun Song, Jae Young Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2019;36(1):16-19. Published online December 19, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00045

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study compared the following three endoscopic techniques used to treat bladder stones: transurethral cystoscope used with a pneumatic lithoclast or nephroscope used with a pneumatic lithoclast and nephroscope used with an ultrasonic lithoclast.
Methods
Between January 2013 and May 2016, 107 patients with bladder stones underwent endoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on the endoscopic techniques and energy modalities used in each group as: group 1 (transurethral stone removal using a cystoscope with pneumatic lithoclast), group 2 (transurethral stone removal using a nephroscope with pneumatic lithoclast), and group 3 (transurethral stone removal using a nephroscope with ultrasonic lithoclast). Baseline and perioperative data were retrospectively compared between three groups.
Results
No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in age, sex ratio, and stone size. A statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in the operation time—group 1: 71.3±46.6 min; group 2: 33.0±13.7 min; and group 3: 24.6±8.0 min. All patients showed complete stone clearance. The number of urethral entries was higher in group 1 than in the other groups. Significant complications did not occur in any patient.
Conclusion
Nephroscopy scores over cystoscopy for the removal of bladder stones with respect to operation time. Ultrasonic lithoclast is a safe and efficacious modality that scores over a pneumatic lithoclast with respect to the operation time.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of nephroscopy and cystoscopy used in the treatment of bladder stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Liping Gou, Zhenghao Wang, Ye Zhou, Xiaofeng Zheng
BMC Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Premalignant Lesions of Gallbladder Carcinoma and Treatment.: Sung Su Yun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2006;23(2):152-161. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2006.23.2.152

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Abstract PDF: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is an uncommon but highly malignant tumor with a poor five year survival rate. Early detection is very important for successful treatment because this tumor is very hard to cure in cases where it has advanced beyond the reach of surgical treatment. The purpose of this review was to evaluate risk factors for carcinoma of the gallbladder and determine the best management approach.. Solitary polys, more than one cm are considered to be predisposing factors for gallbladder carcinoma when they are found to be echopenic, sessile, and with a high cell density. Anomalous union of the pacreato-biliary duct(AUPBD) without a choledochal cyst is also considered to increase risk for gallbladder carcinoma. A polyps size of more than one cm and an AUPBD are indications for prophylactic cholecystectomy. The presence of gallstones is a well-established risk factor for the development of gallbladder carcinoma; risk appears to correlate with the stone size and the duration of chronic cholecystitis. Metaplastic changes of the gallbladder epithelium present with chronic cholecystitis and may indicate a premalignant lesion. Abnormal forms of cholecystitis such as xanthogranulomatous or a porcelain gallbladder also have malignant potential; cholecystoenteric fistula as well as bacterial infection of the gallbladder(typhoid, helicobacter species) also has malignant potential. In this review, the risk factors associated with carcinoma of the gallbladder are summarized with special attention to gallstones, polyps,AUPBD, and chronic inflammation.

Case Reports

A Case of Bladder Stone and Vesicovaginal Fistula after McDonald Operation.: Chang Jun Yoon, Ki Hak Moon, Hee Chang Jung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2006;23(1):108-112. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2006.23.1.108

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Abstract PDF: The frequency of a bladder foreign body in the female is lower than in the male, and bladder stones attached to foreign bodies such as non-absorbable suture material are not common. Moreover, vesicovaginal fistulas due to migration or puncture of suture materials into the bladder are rare. In this report, we present a case of bladder stone and vesicovaginal fistula formation in a 29-year-old female patient who had been treated with the McDonald operation for an incompetent internal os of the cervix (IIOC) during pregnancy. The patient was successfully treated by cystoscopic removal of the bladder stone with suture material and conservative treatment for the vesicovaginal fistula.

A Case of Infected Huge Lymphangioma in Pelvic cavity.: Woo Seok Choi, Seong Ho Lee, Seok Young Chung, Phil Hyun Song, Un Gi Baek, Chul Kyu Cho, Tong Choon Park, Joon Hyuk Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2002;19(1):63-67. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2002.19.1.63

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Abstract PDF: Lymphangioma is a benign tumor resulted from abnormal communication between large dermal lymphatic channels and central lymphatic system. The tumor is encountered more often in the neck and axilla and less often in mediastinum, omentum, retroperitoneum, and scrotum. It rarely developed at urogenital system, and there has been no previous description of lymphangioma involving the bladder wall in Korea. We report a case of 35-year-old female with infected huge lymphagioma arising from pelvic cavity and involving bladder wall.

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