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Original article
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Effects of Ramadan fasting on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies
Diana Mazaya Atsarina, Rachma Purnama Sari, Lisa Lestari, Ridwan Alfatah, R. Prindjati Prakasa
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:52.   Published online August 5, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.52    [Epub ahead of print]
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  • 25 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Fasting is believed to confer metabolic health benefits; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting (RF) on the glycemic control, lipid profiles, and safety of patients with T2DM.
Methods
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched for clinical studies published until March 2026. Glycemic and lipid outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The proportions of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
Results
Thirty-four clinical studies involving 11,925 adults with T2DM were included. RF significantly improved fasting blood glucose (MD, –11.45; 95% CI, –17.48 to –5.42; p<0.01), glycated hemoglobin (MD, –0.46; 95% CI, –0.65 to –0.27; p<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (MD, –6.31; 95% CI, –11.81 to –0.81; p=0.02), and triglycerides (MD, –15.16; 95% CI, –25.97 to –4.34; p=0.01). No noteworthy improvements were observed in total cholesterol (MD, –9.38; 95% CI, –19.97 to 1.20; p=0.08) and high-density lipoprotein (MD, 0.81; 95% CI, –1.45 to 3.08; p=0.48). Substantial heterogeneity (I2=91%–97%) was observed across all outcomes. The pooled proportions of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were 6% (95% CI, 3%–10%) and 7% (95% CI, 0%–21%), respectively, with substantial heterogeneity (I2>96%).
Conclusion
RF was associated with an average reduction in glycemic and certain lipid parameters, but hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia remained non-negligible risk factors. These findings should be interpreted as context-dependent associations across heterogeneous populations, rather than as a uniform effect of RF. Individualized monitoring and appropriate therapeutic adjustments are essential during RF.
Review article
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review
Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11.   Published online April 4, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010
  • 62,396 View
  • 730 Download
  • 43 Web of Science
  • 51 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

Citations

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JYMS : Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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