Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Case reports

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma following follicular lymphoma: a case report: Bomi Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S113-S122. Published online August 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00584

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Abstract PDF: The simultaneous, composite, or sequential occurrence of follicular lymphoma (FL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), both of which originate from germinal center B-cell, is rare. Questions have been raised with regard to the type of tests that pathologists should perform when observing the presence of a “large-cell lymphoma” following an FL and what are the most critical pathological points for diagnosis. Here, we present a case of a classical HL following an FL after administering rituximab-bendamustine (R-Benda) chemotherapy. Furthermore, we also summarized the literature and compared this case with other HLs that followed FLs. A 55-year-old woman was diagnosed with a grade 3A FL of the breast and axillary lymph node masses. She completed six R-Benda chemotherapy cycles for stage IV FL. Twenty-three months after the diagnosis, follow-up image studies showed an increase in the size and number of the lesions. Biopsies of the neck lymph node and liver were performed, and the diagnosis was classical HL. Sequential or composite FL and HL may sometimes develop from the same clone because they share the same genetic alterations, such as B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 or Bcl-6 translocation. When a large-cell lymphoma is found after the treatment of FL, classical HL should be considered a pathological differential diagnosis, and histological, immunohistochemical, or molecular investigations must be considered during the diagnostic process.

Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the vulva: a case report: Sun Yeon Kim, Ju Hwan Koo, Juhun Lee, Yu Jin Koo, Mi Jin Gu, Dae Hyung Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S87-S92. Published online April 25, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00108

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Abstract PDF: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is estimated to account for approximately 30% of all NHL cases. NHL can also occur in the female genital tract and accounts for approximately 1.5% of all NHL cases. Many doctors have difficulty diagnosing or treating vulvar DLBCL because of its very low prevalence. A 55-year-old woman presented with a solid mass on the right side of the vulva. No significantly enlarged lymph nodes were observed in the inguinal region. She underwent excisional biopsy at our institution. DLBCL was diagnosed based on histological examination. According to the Hans algorithm, the lesion was diagnosed as a non-germinal center B-cell-like subtype. The patient was referred to a hematologic oncologist. The disease stage was classified as IE according to the Ann Arbor staging classification. The patient received four cycles of chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone and localized radiation therapy with 36 Gy in 20 fractions. She showed complete remission and maintained this status on the latest computed tomography scan. Gynecologists should rule out lymphoma in patients presenting with a vulvar mass.

Review article

Ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a narrative review: Hyun Uk Chung, Jun Hyuk Son; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(1):3-11. Published online September 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01263

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Abstract PDF

Lymphoma is the most common primary tumor of the orbit, accounting for 55% of all orbital malignancies. When divided into histopathological subtypes, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) comprises the largest proportion. Clinical manifestations are unspecific, but in patients with slow-growing painless orbital mass, or red conjunctival lesion suggestive of ‘salmon patch’, ocular adnexa lymphoma (OAL) should be suspected. Although the pathogenetic mechanism of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) is not yet fully understood, the relationship between OAML and Chlamydia psittaci has been hypothesized recently, similar to that between gastric MALT lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori. This suggests a new treatment option for OAML; bacterial eradication therapy with systemic antibiotics. Several other treatment methods for OAML have been introduced, but no treatment guidelines have been established yet. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge on the clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis of OAML.

Citations

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Radiomics analysis of T1WI and T2WI magnetic resonance images to differentiate between IgG4-related ophthalmic disease and orbital MALT lymphoma
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One Case of Conjunctival MALT Lymphoma and Literature Review
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Case report

Sciatic nerve neurolymphomatosis as the initial presentation of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a rare cause of leg weakness: Kyoung Tae Kim, Se Il Kim, Young Rok Do, Hye Ra Jung, Jang Hyuk Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):258-263. Published online April 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.00983

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Abstract PDF

Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is defined as the involvement of the peripheral nervous system in lymphocytic invasion. It is a very rare form of lymphoma that may occur as an initial presentation or recurrence. It affects various peripheral nervous structures and can therefore mimic disc-related nerve root pathology or compressive mononeuropathy. NL often occurs in malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Notwithstanding its aggressiveness or intractability, NL should be discriminated from other neurologic complications of lymphoma. Herein, we present a case of primary NL as the initial presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the sciatic nerve. The patient presented with weakness and pain in his left leg but had no obvious lesion explaining the neurologic deficit on initial lumbosacral and knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). NL of the left sciatic nerve at the greater sciatic foramen was diagnosed based on subsequent hip MRI, electrodiagnostic test, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and nerve biopsy findings. Leg weakness slightly improved after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report a case wherein NL, a rare cause of leg weakness, manifested as the initial presentation of primary DLBCL involving the sciatic nerve at the greater sciatic foramen.

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Primary peripheral nerve lymphoma: a case report and literature review
Di Wu, Hui Liu, Lingyu Hao, Xu Han, Sihan Wang, Yijia Xiang, Shizhu Yu, Yi Wang
Neurological Sciences.2024; 45(4): 1447. CrossRef
A case report of surgical management of a solitary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) arising from the proximal sciatic nerve
Sivakumaran Gobinath, Ganeshamoorthy Sritharan, Subramaniam Bakeerathan, Paramanathan Shathana, Umesh Jayarajah
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 111: 108817. CrossRef

Review article

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): Jun-Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):175-182. Published online January 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00801

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Abstract PDF

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized as CD30 positive and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative. In 2016, the World Health Organization declared BIA-ALCL as a new disease entity. The first case of BIA-ALCL was reported in 1997, and as of July 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration had cited a total of 573 United States and global medical device reports of BIA-ALCL, including 33 deaths. In all clinical case reports, except for those with unknown clinical history, the patient had received at least one textured surface breast implant. Although the etiology is not yet clear, chronic inflammation has been proposed as a potential precursor to tumorigenesis. The most common presentation of BIA-ALCL is peri-implant fluid collection following aesthetic or reconstructive implantation with textured surface breast implants. It can be accompanied by breast swelling, asymmetry, pain, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and B-type symptoms. Most cases are detected on average 7 to 10 years after implantation. Diagnostic specimens can be obtained with fine-needle aspiration or biopsy. BIA-ALCL is CD30 positive, epithelial membrane antigen positive, and ALK negative. It can be cured with complete surgical excision at the T1–T3 stage.

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Smooth vs Textured Expanders: Patient Factors and Anatomic Plane Are Greater Factors in Determining First-Stage Breast Reconstruction Outcomes
Emma S Dahmus, Amanda E Ruffino, Joshua D Madera, Alexandra Long, Shengxuan Wang, Christian A Kauffman, Sean Devitt, Christopher Sanders, Joseph DeSantis
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Complication Profiles of Smooth vs Textured Tissue Expanders in Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Arman J Fijany, Sara C Chaker, Ya-Ching Hung, Ilana Zago, Nicole Friedlich, Sofia E Olsson, Cole A Holan, Lisandro Montorfano, Ronnie N Mubang, Kevin B Givechian, Michael J Boctor, Maxim Pekarev, Jorys Martinez-Jorge, Elizabeth D Slater
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The Polyvalent Role of CD30 for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Adrian Vasile Dumitru, Dana Antonia Țăpoi, Georgian Halcu, Octavian Munteanu, David-Ioan Dumitrascu, Mihail Constantin Ceaușu, Ancuța-Augustina Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu
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Practice Trends in the Management of Asymptomatic Breast Reconstruction Patients with Textured Implants: A Survey Analysis
Laura A. Roider, David C. Nguyen, Shreya Pusapadi Ramkumar, Cody V. Tyson, Herluf G. Lund, Christina M. Plikaitis
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2023; 11(7): e5139. CrossRef
Place and objectives of ultrasound examination of the mammary glands after augmentation mammoplasty with silicone endoprostheses in the instrumental algorithm of patients with suspected BIA-ALCL (literature review)
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Medical Visualization.2023; 27(4): 68. CrossRef
Evaluation of Different Breast Implant Shapes in the Same Patient: Is There Really a Difference between Round and Anatomical Implants?
Paolo Montemurro, Patrick Mallucci, Maurizio B. Nava, Per Hedén, William P. Adams, Johannes M. Wagner
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Implantes mamarios en tiempos de linfoma y COVID-19. ¿Han aumentado las complicaciones?
Estela Vélez-Benítez, Jesús Cuenca-Pardo, Bertha Torres-Gómez, Arturo Ramírez-Montañana, Raúl Alfonso Vallarta-Rodríguez, Rufino Iribarren-Moreno, Guillermo Ramos-Gallardo, Martín de la Cruz Lira-Álvarez
Cirugía Plástica.2023; 33(3): 100. CrossRef
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Current Knowledge on Breast Implant Associated-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Hyokyung Yoo, Ji-Ung Park, Hak Chang
Archives of Plastic Surgery.2022; 49(02): 141. CrossRef

Case report

Metachronous extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type and primary testicular lymphoma: Young-In Maeng, Sun-Jae Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):231-234. Published online September 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00675

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Abstract PDF

We report a rare case of metachronous lymphoma with two distinct cell lineages in a 75-year-old man. The patient complained about having nasal obstruction for 2 years and extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type was diagnosed from a biopsy. The immunohistochemical staining for CD56 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–encoded small RNA (EBER-ISH) were positive and the tumor cells were negative for CD20. After 13 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient presented with swelling of the left testis. Positron emission tomography scan detected an abnormal uptake in the testis. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, was diagnosed from subsequent radical orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical staining revealed to be positive for CD20, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and negative for CD10 and EBER-ISH.

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Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma nasal type simulating osteoradionecrosis with metachronic B lymphoma in the pelvis: Case report
Frida S. Colín-Guadarrama, Violeta E. Flores-Solano, Argelia Berenice-Rodríguez, Víctor H. Toral-Rizo
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2024; 67(1): 162. CrossRef
What Effect Does Epstein-Barr Virus Have on Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Prognosis? A Review of 153 Reported Cases
Erika Tvedten, Jordan Richardson, Kiran Motaparthi
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Review article

Endoscopic features aiding the diagnosis of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Byung Sam Park, Si Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2019;36(2):85-91. Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00136

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Abstract PDF

The incidence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is increasing worldwide, but the diagnosis is difficult. Most patients are asymptomatic or complain of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. As the endoscopic features of gastric MALT lymphoma are variable and nonspecific, the possibility of this condition may be overlooked during esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and it remain undiagnosed. Therefore, this condition needs to be considered when an abnormal mucosa is observed during this procedure. Biopsy performed during endoscopy is the primary diagnostic test, but false negative results are possible; large numbers of samples should be collected from both normal and abnormal mucosae. Endoscopic ultrasonography is useful to assess the depth of invasion and to predict the treatment response. After treatment, follow-up tests are required every 3 months until complete remission is achieved, and annually thereafter. Early diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma is difficult, and its diagnosis and follow-up require wide experience and competent endoscopic technique.

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Gastrointestinal Tract Lymphoma
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Case Reports

Multifocal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung: Gil Tae Lee, Eun Kyoung Kim, Eirie Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Seo Yun Kim, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Hye Ryoun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(1):84-87. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.84

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Abstract PDF: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease that can affect the lung. Because of its rarity, little is known about the etiology and natural history of NLH. Most cases are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies. Imaging finding of NLH has shown most commonly as a solitary lesion, although multifocal pulmonary nodules may be seen. Surgical resection has proved curative in the cases previously described. We report a rare case of NLH in a 55 year-old man who presented with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules on chest radiography. Open biopsy was performed from the upper and lower lobe of the left lung. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed as pulmonary NLH. Multifocal residual nodules in both lungs remain stable without spontaneous regression during the 3 years of follow-up.

A Case of Pseudolymphomatous IgG4-Related Disease Involving the Maxilla.: Min Jung Kim, Seung Il Bae, Hoon Tae Kim, Young Hoon Hong, Hyun Je Kim, Choong Ki Lee, Mi Jin Gu; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2013;30(2):128-131. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2013.30.2.128

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Abstract PDF: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is an inflammatory condition characterized by IgG4 positive plasma cell infiltration. It can affect any organ in the body and mainly involves the pancreas, liver, biliary tracts, orbits, salivary glands and lymph nodes. It can manifest as an inflammatory pseudotumor. Pseudolymphoma as an inflammatory pseudotumor is a group of benign tumors that exhibit histological and clinical features suggestive of malignant lymphoma. Studies on IgG4-related disease are rarely reported, and no case of the disease that involved the maxillary bone and adjacent soft tissue, except for the skin, has been reported. Therefore, we report herein a case of pseudolymphomatous IgG4-related disease that involved the maxilla, with a literature review.

A Case of Cytomegalovirus Colitis in Chronic Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.: Han Seung Park, Dae Young Kim, Ji Beom Kim, Yun Ku Kim, Min Soo Cho, Tae Jin Ok, Sun Joo Jang, Kyoo Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2011;28(2):187-191. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2011.28.2.187

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Abstract PDF: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy of mature T-cells caused by the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I). HTLV-I is endemic in some areas in Japan, the Caribbean basin, and Africa but has low prevalence in South Korea. Patients with ATLL are susceptible to opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, but CMV infection in chronic ATLL is uncommon. Reported herein is a case involving a 44-year-old woman with chronic ATLL who presented the symptoms of fever and diarrhea. She was suspected to have acute-type ATLL but was later diagnosed with CMV colitis.

Three Cases of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma at a Single Institution.: Seung Jun Lee, Ji Yeun Kim, Jung Kyu Park, Sung Woo Kim, Ji Hun Kim, Tae Won Kim, Geun Jin Ha, Ho Sang Shon, Eui Dal Jung, Kyu Jang Won; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2010;27(2):165-172. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2010.27.2.165

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Abstract PDF: Primary thyroid lymphoma is a relatively rare thyroid tumor and usually a non-Hodgkin type. Its most common histologic type is the diffuse large B cell lymphoma followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). It is known to be frequently associated with autoimmune thyroiditis such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report three cases of thyroid lymphoma at a single institution with a review of the literature.

A Case of Primary Rectal Colon Mucosa associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.: Jun Suk Park, Byung Ik Jang, Jun Hyuk Choi, Kyeong Ok Kim, Min Geun Gu, Min Kyu Kang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2010;27(2):150-154. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2010.27.2.150

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Abstract PDF: The gastrointestinal tract(GI) is the most frequently involved site of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Stomach is the most common site of involvement among the GI tract. In some case of MALT lymphoma, it is detected in colon. Almost all diagnosis is established by pathological examination of the surgical or endoscopic specimens. We reported a case of rectal MALT lymphoma by colonoscopic polypectomy.

Original Articles

Ultrasonographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Testicular Lymphoma.: Jae Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2010;27(2):105-112. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2010.27.2.105

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: To evaluate the specific radiologic findings of testicular lymphoma which will be able to differentiated from other testicular tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pathologically confirmed eight cases were included in this study. All eight cases were performed ultrasonography and four cases were performed magnetic resonance image. On ultrasonography, the size, location, shape, margin, internal echogenicity, homogeneity and vascularity were evaluated. On magnetic resonance image, the shape, margin, homogeneity, signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, degree and homogeneity of the contrast enhancement and contrast enhancement change on dynamic enhancement study. RESULTS: The margin of the mass was smooth on 6 of 8 patients. Internal echogenicity of the mass lesion was hypoechoic than normal testicular parenchyme on 7 of 8 patients. Four cases were homogeneous, 3 cases were relatively homogeneous and 1 case was heterogeneous. All 8 cases showed increased vascularity. The mass lesion was iso-signal intensity on T1-weighted image and low-signal intensity on T2-weighted image. All four cases were enhanced homogeneously and mildly than enhancing normal testicular parenchyme. On dynamic enhancement study, the mass lesion is progressively enhanced with time. CONCLUSION: The possibility of testicular lymphoma should be considered when testicular mass was homogeneously hypoechoic and low signal intensity on T2-weighted image in old age patients.

Comparison of Ga-67, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI Imaging in Lymphoma Patients.: Kyung Ah Chun, Ihn Ho Cho, Kyu Chang Won, Kyung Hee Lee, Hyung Woo Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Jae Tae Lee, Kyu Bo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2002;19(2):107-115. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2002.19.2.107

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE: Ga-67 scintigraphy has been used for the evaluation of tumors, especially lymphoma. Recently, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI were also used to tumor imaging. Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI had better physiologic characteristics than Ga-67, so we studied 32 biopsy proven lymphoma patients (male 24, female 8, mean age 46 years) with Ga-67, Tl-201 or Tc-99m MIBI and compared the scan findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three of 32 patients were injected 74-111 MBq (2-3 mCi) of Tl-201, before chemotherapy and imaged with dual-headed SPECT (Prism 2000, Picker, USA) at 30 minutes after injection. Delayed images were obtained after 3 hr in 8 patients. Twenty seven of 32 patients were injected 740 MBq (20 mCi) of Tc-99m MIBI and imaged at 30 minutes after injection. 111-185 MBq (3-5 mCi) of Ga-67 was injected in 12 patients and imaged at 48 and 72 hours after injection. Twenty eight patients were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and others were Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULTS: Twenty patients were positive on Tl-201 scan and 3 patients showed negative findings. One of these 3 patients, Tc-99m MIBI and Ga-67 scan were positive. Twenty two patients were positive on Tc-99m MIBI scan and 5 patients showed negative findings. One of these 5 patients, Tl-201 was positive and 2 were positive on Ga-67 scan. Ten of 12 patients showed positive findings on Ga-67 scan. The sensitivity of these agents were 83.3%, 87.0% and 81.5% for Ga-67, Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI, respectively. The sensitivity was highest in Tl-201 scan, but there were no significant differences among three tests. In this study, there was no significant difference of uptake ratios between early and delayed images of Tl-201. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphy with Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI in lymphoma patients have similar sensitivity with Ga-67.

Case Report

Primary Cardiac Lymphoma: Case Report.: Jun Ho Bae, Jong Suk Lee, Hyung Jun Kim, Min Kyung Kim, Young Ho Park, Gue Ru Hong, Jong Sun Park, Dong Gu Sin, Young Jo Kim, Bong Sup Sim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2000;17(1):82-86. Published online June 30, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2000.17.1.82

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Abstract PDF: Primary cardiac lymphoma defined as involving only the heart and pericardium, is very rare and is diagnosed predominantly late in the course of illness or autopsy. This tumor is commonly fatal and until recently were rarely diagnosed antemortem. Recently, it was reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We report a case of primary cardiac lymphoma in a 56 year old female who showed progressive exertional dyspnea. On echocardiogram and CT scan, large ill defined mass was demonstrated in right atrial and ventricular wall. It was diagnosed as B-cell type lymphoma on open cardiac biopsy.

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