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Case report
- A new type of oculocutaneous albinism with a novel OCA2 mutation
- Sang Yoon Lee, Eun Joo Lee, Jun Chul Byun, Kyung Mi Jang, Sae Yoon Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(2):160-164. Published online August 3, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00339
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- 2 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF - Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare genetically heterogeneous disorders, characterized by hypopigmentation of the eyes, skin, and hair, which result in ocular abnormalities and a risk of developing skin cancer. Currently, there is no ophthalmologic procedure or drug that prevents the clinical features of OCA. Here, we report a new type of OCA in two, unrelated Korean families with the same OCA2 mutation. Affected individuals in this study are different from those of previous reports in two aspects: an inheritance pattern and clinical presentation. All reported patients with OCA have shown an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, while our patients showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Small amounts of pigment can be acquired with age in OCA, but there is no substantial variation from adolescence to adulthood in this regard. A case where the patient attained normal pigmentation levels has never been reported. However, our patients displayed completely normal pigmentation in their late twenties. Whole exome sequencing and in-silico analysis revealed a novel mutation, OCA2 c.2338G>A p.(G780S) (NM_000275) with a high likelihood of pathogenicity. Sanger sequencing of p.G780S identified the same mutation in the affected individuals, which was not found in the family members with normal phenotype. We hypothesize that OCA2 G780S not only acts as a pathogenic variant of OCA but also induces pigmentation by enhancing the melanogenesis gene expression of other modifier genes, such as SLC45A2 and TPC2. These findings may provide further understanding of melanin biosynthesis and new treatment methods for OCA.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Novel compound heterozygous mutations in OCA2 gene were identified in a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism
Beilei Jiang, Hua Zhang, Yuling Kan, Xueping Gao, Zhaoli Du, Quan Liu
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Clinical and Mutation Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Oculocutaneous Albinism (nsOCA) in Pakistan: A Review
Muhammad Ikram Ullah
Genes.2022; 13(6): 1072. CrossRef
- Novel compound heterozygous mutations in OCA2 gene were identified in a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism
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