Thyroid storm is a life-threatening form of thyrotoxicosis and an endocrinological emergency. We present a case of thyroid storm in a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. A 67-year-old woman with a history of total thyroidectomy 4 years prior to presentation was admitted with deteriorating mental status, fever, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests revealed severe thyrotoxicosis. Although the patient had no residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy, she had a previously diagnosed metastatic thyroid cancer lesion in the pelvic bone. Despite initial treatment with a standard thyroid storm regimen, the patient died 6 days after hospitalization. The patient had no history of Graves disease; however, a thyroxine receptor antibody was detected postmortem. The patient had a history of exposure to an iodine contrast agent, which is a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroxine production from a differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare but can be a source of clinically significant thyrotoxicosis in patients post-thyroidectomy. Overlapping Graves disease is a common stimulus; however, other causes, such as exogenous iodine, cannot be excluded. This case demonstrates that in the setting of metastatic thyroid carcinoma, thyrotoxicosis cannot be completely ruled out as a cause of suspicious symptoms, even in patients with a history of total thyroidectomy.
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Tormenta tiroidea: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico José Correa-Guerrero, Hugo Corrales Santander, Jorge Yepes Caro, Jesús Bello Simanca, Luis Rodríguez Arrieta, Alejandro Castellanos Pinedo, Elguis Rodríguez Garizabalo, Carmelo Dueñas Castell Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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In 2010, the World Health Organization classified mucin-producing bile duct tumors of the liver into two distinct entities; mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct. We present the case of a patient with MCN-L having a uniquely pedunculated shape. A 32‐year‐old woman was referred to our institution with a diagnosis of biliary cystic neoplasm. She had undergone left salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer 15 years ago. Imaging studies showed an 8 cm-sized well defined, multiloculated cystic lesion suggesting a mucinous cystic neoplasm. The cystic mass was pedunculated at the liver capsule and pathologically diagnosed as MCN-L. The mass was resected with partial hepatectomy. The patient recovered uneventfully. She was discharged 7 days postoperatively. The patient has been doing well for 6 months after the operation. The patient will be followed up annually because of the favorable postresection prognosis of MCN-L.
Background Prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) in clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of prophylactic ipsilateral CND compared with bilateral CND in total thyroidectomy for cN0 unilateral PTC.
Methods We retrospectively enrolled 174 patients who underwent total thyroidectomies with prophylactic CND for cN0 unilateral PTC between January 2009 and May 2010. The prophylactic CND patients were divided into group 1, the ipsilateral CND group (n=74), and group 2, the bilateral CND group (n=100). The incidence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and postoperative complications, such as hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and recurrence were assessed.
Results CLNM was found in 22 (29.8%) in group 1 and 69 (69%) in group 2. The incidence of postoperative severe hypocalcemia less than 7.0 was also significantly different (six patients [8.1%] in group 1 and 23 [23%] in group 2; p=0.009). Permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly more frequent in group 2 (4.1% vs. 19%; p=0.005). However, the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism, recurrence, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was not significantly different.
Conclusion Prophylactic ipsilateral CND has advantage not only to reduce incidence of some complications but also to have similar recurrence rate compared with bilateral CND. We suggest that prophylactic ipsilateral CND may be safe and effective for selected patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for cN0 unilateral PTC.
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Comparison of prophylactic ipsilateral and bilateral central lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis Yujie Li, Lingling Lao Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology.2023; 89(6): 101318. CrossRef
Fine-Needle Pricking Test of the Parathyroid Gland during Thyroid Surgery in Predicting Parathyroid Function Ying-Jun Wu, Jian-Biao Wang, Fei-Bo Li, Lei Jin, Liang Zhou, Lei Xie, Claudio Casella International Journal of Endocrinology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is a monoclonal plasma cell disorder. Patients with POEMS syndrome also have various clinical manifestations including generalized edema, pleural effusion, ascites, papilledema, and sclerotic bone lesions. These manifestations can lead to a misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. We recently experienced a 51-year-old male patient with POEMS syndrome whose sclerotic bone lesion was misdiagnosed as malignant bone metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We reassessed the patient and found polyneuropathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypothyroidism, partial hypopituitarism, immunoglobulin G lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy, hypertrichosis, ascites, and multiple sclerotic bone lesions, all of which led us to a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. Treatment with thalidomide and dexamethasone resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. The patient has remained in remission after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) carcinoma generally shows a favorable prognosis. If metastasis is present latently, it may not threaten the patient's life immediately. It has been shown, however, that larger than 1 cm papillary carcinoma (PC), level VI metastasis to the lymph node (LN), which is the nearest to the thyroid, independently predicts a worse prognosis. In the case presented herein, a 61-year-old female patient was diagnosed with an about 3 cm PC in the TGDC, particularly the columnar variant subtype, one of the aggressive variants. She had occult papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, but no LN metastasis. Even though she underwent the Sistrunk procedure and total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection followed by high-dose radioactive iodine remnant ablation, however, the cancer cells spread to level IV neck LN, and finally to the lung. Therefore, when a patient is diagnosed with an aggressive histologic variant of PC in the TGDC, even without LN metastasis, the invasive surgical approach and close postoperative surveillance are necessary, with consideration of the risk of disease progression. Therefore, if it is possible to stratify the risk for patients, higher-risk patients can be offered a more invasive therapeutic approach.
The occurrence of a mixed tumor containing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and primary squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare because there is no squamous epithelium in the thyroid gland. Reported herein is a 30-year-old female with mixed PTC and primary SCC of the thyroid presented as thyroid incidentaloma. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid nodule revealed the presence of malignant thyroid cells. The histopathological examination following total thyroidectomy yielded two mixed, morphologically distinct histotypes that included PTC and SCC. After total thyroidectomy, the patient underwent radioactive iodine therapy. No recurrence or metastasis occurred during the 20-month follow-up period after the operation.
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Meta-Analysis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid Hyun Seok Shim, Oh Jin Kwon, Joon Seok Ko, Jung Je Park, Jin Pyeong Kim, Chan Ryeul Jeong, Seung Hoon Woo Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2013; 56(7): 425. CrossRef
Cystic parathyroid adenoma is one of rare causes of hyperparathyroidism, and tends to cause increased serum level of parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphate and serum calcium level similar to when compared to those of solid adenoma.
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas is a rare tumor, usually affecting young women, and its histogenesis is still controversial. This study was performed to define the clinicopathologic features and cellular origin of this tumor. Eight female cases of solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm of pancreas were studied by analyzing the clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic findings. The age of eight cases ranged from 21 to 54 years (mean, 34 years). The tumors developed in the tail (4 cases), body-tail (2 cases), body (1 case) and head (1 case). The mean diameter of tumors was 9.3 cm (range, 5.5 to 13 cm). Tumors showed solid, cystic and hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, the tumor cells were uniformly round or polygonal in shape, and formed solid sheets and papillary pattern. On the immunohistochemical stain, 8 cases (100%) were immunoreactive for alpha1-antitrypsin, 7 cases (87.5%) for cytokeratin, 7 cases (87.5%) for progesterone receptor, 6 cases (75%) for vimentin, and 1 case (12.5%) for synaptophysin, respectively. None of them were immunoreactive for estrogen receptor. Electron microscopic examination showed many mitochondria, annulate lamellae and canaliculi-like gap. These findings suggest that solid and papillary epithelial tumor of pancreas possibly originates from totipotential stem cells.