Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original articles

Neurology
Characteristics of mDIXON-Quant and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of thigh skeletal muscles in patients with stroke-related sarcopenia: a prospective case-control study: Ruihong Yao, Bu-Lang Gao, Jihong Hu, Wei Zhao, Yang Tian, Liqing Yao, Yongneng Jiang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:49. Published online August 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.49

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study was performed to investigate the imaging features of mDIXON-Quant sequence (Philips Healthcare) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of thigh muscles in patients with stroke-related sarcopenia (SRS).
Methods
This prospective case-control study was conducted in 40 patients with SRS, 40 patients without sarcopenia who had a stroke, and 40 healthy volunteers using mDIXON-Quant and 1H-MRS scanning. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat fraction (FF) were analyzed.
Results
The skeletal muscle FF value was significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients with SRS and on the affected side. The extracellular fat content of the rectus femoris muscle in normal controls was 4× to 10× the intracellular fat content. A significant increase (p<0.05) in intra- and extracellular fat content was detected in the SRS group. The degree of fat content increase in the SRS group was significantly lower (p<0.05) for extracellular fat than intracellular fat, with a ratio of extracellular to intracellular fat content of <4. The intracellular fat content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the SRS group. A moderate-to-strong positive correlation existed between intracellular fat content (area 1) and muscle fat percentage. The degree of decrease in CSA in the posterior muscle group was significantly greater (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Thigh muscle CSA significantly decreased in SRS, while FF increased. The intra- and extracellular fat content of the skeletal muscle was significantly increased, especially the intracellular fat content. SRS was confirmed when the ratio of extracellular fat content to intracellular fat content was <4.

Public Health, Environmental, and Occupational Health
Factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in professional dancers, including lapse period of group practice due to the COVID-19 outbreak: repeated-measures analysis: Kiook Baek, Yu-Mi Choi, Joon Sakong; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):196-206. Published online May 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00171

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal pain among professional dancers who experienced a lapse in group practice due to coronavirus disease 2019.
Methods
General characteristics, practice time, region of musculoskeletal pain due to injury using the visual numeric scale (VNS), and causative motion were surveyed among professional dancers. Pain of VNS 0 to 3 was categorized as “no or minor,” 4 to 6 was categorized as “moderate,” and 7 to 10 was categorized as “severe.” The causal motions of musculoskeletal pain were analyzed according to body region. Factors other than motion associated with pain were also analyzed.
Results
In total, 368 participants were included. In the univariate analysis, age and practice time were positively associated with “moderate” pain. Practice time, dance experience, and postural accuracy were positively associated with “severe” pain, as was performing Korean traditional dance. In the multivariable analysis, practice time, group practice, and age were positively associated with pain of VNS 4 to 10, and practice time, group practice, and Korean traditional dance were positively associated with pain of VNS 7 to 10.
Conclusion
Among the factors related to dancer training, practice time, group practice, and dance type affect the occurrence of pain.

Communicationses

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
The applicability of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine: Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):53-55. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01144

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Abstract PDF

A noncontact sensor field is an innovative device that can detect, measure, or monitor physical properties or conditions without direct physical contact with the subject or object under examination. These sensors use a variety of methods, including electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic technique, to collect information about the target without physical interaction. Noncontact sensors find wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, robotics, automobiles, security, environmental monitoring, space industry, agriculture, and entertainment. In particular, they are used in the medical field, where they provide continuous monitoring of patient conditions and offer opportunities in rehabilitation medicine. This article introduces the potential of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging technologies in the field of medicine presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2025
Jong-Ryul Yang, Min Cheol Chang
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 31. CrossRef
Application of noncontact sensors for cardiopulmonary physiology and body weight monitoring at home: A narrative review
Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Heeyeon Won, Min Cheol Chang
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39607. CrossRef
Thinking machines: artificial intelligence in rehabilitation and beyond
Massimiliano Polastri
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(10): 1. CrossRef

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Some suggestions for pain physicians working in real-world clinical settings: Jung Hwan Lee, Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S123-S124. Published online May 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00255

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Abstract PDF

Musculoskeletal pain is a common reason for patients visiting hospitals or clinics. Various therapeutic tools including oral medications, physical modalities, and procedures have been used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of each treatment and compare the efficacy of different protocols. These trials were conducted under controlled conditions with specific endpoints and timeframes, and the individual constraints of each patient were not considered. We believe that the findings of such studies may not accurately reflect clinical reality in real-world settings. In this article, we propose treatment principles for patients in pain clinics. We propose two principles for pain treatment: first, “Healing, in the end, is not healing.” and second, “The patient’s job is not a patient.” The main role of pain physicians is to quickly and actively reduce pain and help patients focus on their work and lives.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Protocol for lower back pain management: Insights from the French healthcare system
Lea Evangeline Boyer, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Min Cheol Chang
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(11): 1875. CrossRef
Effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation for controlling chronic pain: a systematic review
Min Cheol Chang, Marie-Michèle Briand, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Seoyon Yang
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Focused Review article

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
The use of platelet-rich plasma in management of musculoskeletal pain: a narrative review: Aung Chan Thu; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):206-215. Published online June 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00290

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Abstract PDF

Musculoskeletal pain is the most common pain reported by patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to treat musculoskeletal pain. However, the efficacy of PRP to treat this pain remains controversial. This review highlights the application of PRP in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. PRP treatment appears to reduce pain and improve function in patients with musculoskeletal pain. However, there are limitations to the currently published studies. These limitations include the PRP preparation methods, type of activators, types of pathology to be treated, methods and times of administration, and association of PRP with other treatments.

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Vivek Mittal, Karuna Shankar Dinkar, Rajat Kapoor, Pranjal Gupta, Sumit Kumar Gupta, Amit Agarwal
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He Yi, Ruijue Li, Cuixian Li
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Liang Cai, Jiali Chen, Qiong Yuan, Weihua Zhuang, Gang Wang, Xuemei Xu, Yongchao Yao, Wenchuang (Walter) Hu
Journal of Materials Chemistry B.2025; 13(30): 9001. CrossRef
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Mingdong Liu, Jiaxin Ding, Yanbo Peng, Jialin Fang, Man Zhao, Wenyuan Zhang, Haotian Chen, Jian Zhang, Haisheng Peng, Qun Wang
International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X.2025; 10: 100372. CrossRef
Autologous platelet-rich plasma therapy in complex treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: a review
Radik Z. Nurlygayanov, Lira T. Gilmutdinovna, Julia A. Bogdanova, Bulat R. Gilmutdinov, Dinara R. Nurlygaianova
Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 24(5): 94. CrossRef
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Kai Shang, Yang Liu, Abdul Qadeer
Experimental Biology and Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mohamed Merza Khalil AlRayes
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Amit Rao, Mrinal M. Gawali, Sahana B Holla, D Shanmugapriyan, KM Paijas, Sajni Rai
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Rajmala Jaiswal, Devyani Verma
Indian Journal of Pain.2025; 39(3): 131. CrossRef
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V. H. Dzhyvak, I. M. Klishch, O. I. Khlibovska, S. S. Levenets
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Cytoprotective Effect of Growth Factors Derived From Platelets on Corticosteroid-Treated Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Derived Stromal Cells and Chondrocytes
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Vinit Rathod, Sandeep Shrivastav, Milind R Gharpinde
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Restraint stress-associated gastrointestinal injury and implications from the Evans blue-fed restraint stress mouse model
Der-Shan Sun, Te-Sheng Lien, Hsin-Hou Chang
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Rista Dwi Hermilasari, Dicky Moch Rizal, Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
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The blind spot and challenges in pain management
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Original Articles

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
The effect of thalidomide on visceral fat pad mass and triglyceride concentration of the skeletal muscles in rats: Ki-Hoon Kim, Chang-Bon Choi, Jong-Yeon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2018;35(2):213-218. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2018.35.2.213

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Abstract PDF

Background
Body fats, especially both of abdominal fat pad mass and skeletal muscle fat content, are inversely related to insulin action. Therefore, methods for decreasing visceral fat mass and muscle triglyceride content may be helpful for the prevention of insulin resistance.
Methods
Thalidomide, used for its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, was administered to rats for 4 weeks. A 10% solution of thalidomide in dimethyl sulfoxide was injected daily into the peritoneal cavity as much as 100 mg/kg of body weight.
Results
The total visceral fat pad mass in the thalidomide-treated group was 11% lower than in the control group. The size of adipocytes of the epididymal fat pad mass in the thalidomide-treated group was smaller than in the control group. The intraperitoneal thalidomide treatment increased triglyceride concentrations by 16% in the red muscle, but not in the white muscle.
Conclusion
The results suggested that intraperitoneal thalidomide treatment inhibited abdominal fat accumulation, and that the free fatty acids in the blood were preferentially accumulated in the red muscle rather than in the white muscle.

Citations

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Thalidomide suppresses migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting HOXB7‐mediated activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Liyang Liu, Wusong Xue
Chemical Biology & Drug Design.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
The Analysis of the Cytokine Expression in Musculoskeletal Tumors.: Joon Han Lee, Eun Seok Kwak, Oog Jin Shon, Hee Sun Kim, Duk Seop Shin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2003;20(2):187-196. Published online December 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2003.20.2.187

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Abstract PDF: The cytokines are the hormone-like proteins, which are produced in the mononuclear cells. They have many roles, such as immune mediators, cell differentiations, angiogenesis. The chemokines have chemotactic effects which control the host immune response. There were few reports about the cytokines associated with musculoskeletal tumors. From late 1980s, the cytokine studies of bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were started, but most studies for benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors were left to be explored. To evaluate the characteristics of the cytokines in variable musculoskeletal tumors, tissues were obtained from the seven patients who visited the Yeungnam University hospital from February to July 2000. They were lipoma (1 case), parosteal osteoma (1 case), enchondroma (2 cases), pigmented villonodular synovitis (1 case), ganglion (1 case), and metastaic squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). The gene experession of the cytokines were analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lipoma and parosteal osteoma expressed MIP-1beta, and IP-10 genes. The two enchondromas showed different results, one expressed all of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10 genes but the other expressed none of above. The pigmented villonodular synovitis strongly expressed MIP-1alpha and IP-10 when compared with the other cases. The ganglion did not express all of the chemokines mentioned above. And the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma expressed all of the chemokines and especially IP-10 was highly expressed. Even though this study has only a few cases, these results provide a basis for the cytokine mediating network study in musculoskeletal tumors.

Review

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Clinical Situations in which Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is Helpful.: Kil Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):170-186. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.170

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Abstract PDF: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has newly evolved by the mechanical improvement of the machine over past several years, becoming a part of imaging techniques for the evaluation of variable diseases in the musculoskeletal system. MSUS has proven diagnostic superiority in pathologies including rotator cuff disease of the shoulder, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, diseases of the peripheral nerve, detection of intra-articular loose bodies and soft tissue foreign bodies, and in evaluating small superficial soft tissue tumors such as ganglion, epidermoid cyst, and glomus tumor. Besides, MSUS is very useful for obtaining tissue or fluid via percutaneous fine needle aspiration and/or biopsy for the histopathologic diagnosis. Combining MSUS with MR would play a great role in the field of the diagnostic imaging of the musculoskeletal system. The MSUS examiner should have the knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, and of the mechanical and physical properties of ultrasound in order to interpret the ultrasound findings accurately and properly, and to avoid diagnostic errors due to variable artifacts subsequently. The goal of this article is to introduce the capabilities of MSUS in certain kinds of clinical situation and to familiarize the reader with MSUS. For the purpose, author intends to describe this article according not to the disease-, or organ-based, but to the clinical problem-based format.

Original Articles

Physiology
Effect of Age on Glucose Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in Rats.: Eung Chan Jang, Woon Ki Youn, Suck Kang Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(1):94-100. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.1.94

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
It is doubtful that aging causes deteriorated glucose metabolism and insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. Some researchers had different results about it. So we have studied the mechanism responsible for the abnormal glucose tolerance associated with aging in rapidly growing and matured rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were used S.D. rats. Growing rats were 7 weeks old (BW: 160-190 gm) and matured rats were 28 weeks old (BW: 420-525 gm). RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated in matured rat compared with growing rats. And during oral glucose tolerance test the glucose level was also significantly elevated in matured rats. These results confirmed an insulin resistant state of aging. Insulin levels at 30 minutes of oral glucose tolerance test was significantly elevated in growing rat. But at 120 minutes it was maintained at higher level in matured rats than in growing rats. It suggested the possibility of increased insulin secretion by initial stimulation of beta-cells in growing rats, and increased secretion and decreased catabolic rate of insulin in matured rats. Glucose uptake rate of soleus muscle in matured rats was lower than that of growing rats, but the difference was not statistically significant. The dose(insulin)- responsive (glucose uptake) curve of soleus muscle was only slightly deviated to the right side. CONCLUSION: Glucose metabolism of rat skeletal muscle was worsened by aging. The data of glucose uptake experiments suggested the possibility of insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in matured rats, but the mechanism of insulin resistance of skeletal muscle need further studies.

Citations

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Anti-Oxidative Effect of Jeokbaekhaogwanjoong-tang Distillate on Spleen Cells of Aged Rats
Young-Chun Park, Il-Gu Kim, Tae-Min Kim
The Korea Journal of Herbology.2016; 31(4): 35. CrossRef
The Effect of Jeokbaekhaogwanjung-tang Herbal Acupuncture Solution on the Immune Activity of Spleen Cells of Aged Rats
Hyun-Suk Lee, Kang-Min Choi, Yun-Kyoung Yim
Journal of Korean Medicine.2016; 37(1): 90. CrossRef
The Effect of Yongyukjowitang Distillate on the Immune Activity of Spleen Cells of Aged Rats
Jin-Wook Yi, Moon-Hee Jang, Jae-Song Choi, Taek-Won Ahn
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine.2013; 25(3): 218. CrossRef

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Soft Tissue Change After Single Jaw(mandible) Surgery in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion.: Kwang Soo Park, Hee Kyung Lee, Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):197-208. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.197

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Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of the soft and hard tissue change after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 adult patient (12 male and 13 female) who had severe anteropostrior skeletal discepancy. These patient had received presurgical orthodontic treatment and surgical treatment which is bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS/PC program. The result were as follows: 1. After mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, lower facial soft tissue horizontal posterior changes were high significance value. but vertical soft tissue changes were low significance value. 2. After mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, relative upper lip protrusion increased(p<0.01) and relative lower lip protrusion decreased(p<0.01) and lower facial soft tissue thickness increased(p<0.01).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Soft Tissue Changes After Posterior Impaction and Setback of the Maxilla With Le Fort I Osteotomy in Skeletal Class III Patients
Hyeong-Min Jeon, Jin-Young Choi, Seung-Hak Baek
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2014; 25(4): 1495. CrossRef

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