Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original articles

Depression, sleep quality, and body image disturbances among pregnant women in India: a cross-sectional study: Kranti S. Kadam, Aditya R. Anvekar, Vishnu B. Unnithan; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):394-401. Published online May 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00087

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Background
Pregnancy is associated with a number of physical, emotional, and biological changes that can exacerbate maternal psychological disturbances, such as body image concerns and depression. Sleep disturbances during pregnancy can also have adverse impacts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, sleep disturbances, and body image concerns among pregnant women. The study also examined the relationship between these factors and pregnancy-related variables, such as bad obstetric history and whether the pregnancies were unplanned.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of 146 pregnant patients was conducted at a tertiary care center over 15 months. The patients were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Body Image Concern Inventory questionnaires. Contingency tables, Fisher exact test, and Spearman correlation were used to identify underlying relationships.
Results
The prevalence of depression was 22.6%. Although body image disturbance was noted in only 2.7% of patients, 46.6% had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep was associated with primigravida status. Bad obstetric history and unplanned pregnancy were associated with depression. Depression was found to be significantly correlated with body image disturbances and poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
Psychiatric disorders were prevalent during pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of screening for depression in pregnant patients. Counselling and caregiver education can be useful for mitigating psychological disturbances. Management of pregnancies by multidisciplinary teams that include psychiatrists could be immensely useful in improving the pregnancy experiences of patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Melatonin improves maternal sleep deprivation‐induced learning and memory impairment, inflammation, and synaptic dysfunction in murine male adult offspring
Yue‐Ming Zhang, Ru‐Meng Wei, Zong‐Yin Li, Xue‐Yan Li, Kai‐Xuan Zhang, Yi‐Jun Ge, Xiao‐Yi Kong, Xue‐Chun Liu, Gui‐Hai Chen
Brain and Behavior.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Auricular acupuncture for sleep quality in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use: a retrospective consecutive case series: Yuri Gimelfarb, Eran Goldstien; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):78-85. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00542

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Abstract PDF: Background
Poor sleep quality is associated with psychoactive substance abuse/addiction/withdrawal. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a nonpharmacological method used for the treatment of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the quality of sleep before and after AA in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use in the therapeutic community.
Methods
This was a consecutive case series of 27 participants (25 male [92.6%]). The median age was 35.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29.0–37.2 years), methadone/buprenorphine were not used, and the participants were treated with AA (median number of treatments, 15.0 [IQR, 12.0–18.0]) during a median period of 51.0 days (IQR, 49.0–51.0 days) according to the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA)-Acudetox protocol. Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval.
Results
The global PSQI score dropped (indicating better sleep quality) by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, 0.0–8.0 points) after treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an increase in global PSQI score during AA by 1 point, there was a 0.73-fold reduction in the risk of poor sleep quality post-AA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.01; p<0.055; Nagelkerke's R2=0.66).
Conclusion
The results revealed a positive effect of AA (by the NADA-Acudetox protocol) on sleep quality (as measured by PSQI) among participants in a treatment center with mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use.

Focused Review articles

Understanding insomnia as systemic disease: Seokho Yun, Sohye Jo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):267-274. Published online September 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01424

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Abstract PDF

Sleep plays a critical role in homeostasis of the body and mind. Insomnia is a disease that causes disturbances in the initiation and maintenance of sleep. Insomnia is known to affect not only the sleep process itself but also an individual’s cognitive function and emotional regulation during the daytime. It increases the risk of various neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety disorder, and dementia. Although it might appear that insomnia only affects the nervous system, it is also a systemic disease that affects several aspects of the body, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems; therefore, it increases the risk of various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and infection. Insomnia has a wide range of effects on our bodies because sleep is a complex and active process. However, a high proportion of patients with insomnia do not seek treatment, which results in high direct and indirect costs. This is attributed to the disregard of many of the negative effects of insomnia. Therefore, we expect that understanding insomnia as a systemic disease will provide an opportunity to understand the condition better and help prevent secondary impairment due to insomnia.

Citations

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Medical service utilization patterns among adults with insomnia: A retrospective cohort study
Min Kyung Hyun, Jang Won Lee
European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2024; 67: 102325. CrossRef
Socio-Ecological Context of Sleep: Gender Differences and Couples’ Relationships as Exemplars
Andrea N. Decker, Alexandra R. Fischer, Heather E. Gunn
Current Psychiatry Reports.2022; 24(12): 831. CrossRef
Clinical Spectrum and Trajectory of Innovative Therapeutic Interventions for Insomnia: A Perspective
Yun-Jo Lo, Viraj Krishna Mishra, Hung-Yao Lo, Navneet Kumar Dubey, Wen-Cheng Lo
Aging and disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding sleep and sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder, and management of insomnia: an update
Hye-Geum Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(4): 265. CrossRef

An update on the cause and treatment of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Wan Seok Seo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):275-281. Published online September 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01410

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11 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.

Citations

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Current Pharmacological Treatment for Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hatice Altun, Semiha Cömertoğlu Arslan
European Journal of Therapeutics.2024; 30(2): 227. CrossRef
Forensic psychiatric assessment in autism spectrum disorder: Experience of a forensic psychiatry inpatient clinic from Türkiye
Muhammed Emin Boylu, İlker Taşdemir, Mehmet Doğan, Tuba Özcanlı
Journal of Forensic Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pattern of sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder
Muaath Ahmed Mohammed, Elham Mohammed Abdalkhalig, Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali, Salma Shakir Hassan, Hayat Osman
BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sleep and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Markers, Interventions, and Treatments
Deepa Burman, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Dilshad Manzar, Vijay Kumar Chattu, David Warren Spence, Nevin F. W. Zaki, Haitham Jahrami, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
Sleep and Vigilance.2023; 7(1): 9. CrossRef
Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Mei Xiong, Fang Li, Zhaohua Liu, Xin Xie, Hongli Shen, Weiteng Li, Liping Wei, Rongfang He
Neuropediatrics.2023; 54(03): 167. CrossRef
Sleep disturbances and emotional dysregulation in young children with autism spectrum, intellectual disability, or global developmental delay
Irene Favole, Chiara Davico, Daniele Marcotulli, Roberta Sodero, Barbara Svevi, Federico Amianto, Federica S. Ricci, G. Maurizio Arduino, Benedetto Vitiello
Sleep Medicine.2023; 105: 45. CrossRef
Where I am from matters: factors influencing behavioral and emotional changes in autistic individuals during COVID-19 in Latin America
María Cecilia Montenegro, Ana C. Ramírez, Juventino Hernandez Rodriguez, Bianca T. Villalobos, Gabriela Garrido, Cecilia Amigo, Daniel Valdez, Natalia Barrios, Sebastián Cukier, Alexia Rattazzi, Analía Rosoli, Ricardo García, Cristiane S. Paula, Georgina
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel case of prolonged Ifosfamide encephalopathy and long-term treatment with methylene blue: a case report and review of literature
Gabriel Chain, Mudit Kalia, Karen Kestenbaum, Lara Pappas, Anna Sechser-Perl, Gadi Abebe Campino, Nibal Zaghloul
BMC Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sleep Disturbances in Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder
Jessica Galli, Erika Loi, Lucrezia Maria Visconti, Paola Mattei, Anna Eusebi, Stefano Calza, Elisa Fazzi
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of sleep problem in children aged 1–3 years with autism spectrum disorder in Zhejiang province, China
Dan Yao, Shasha Wang, Fangfang Li, Minjie Gao, Jie Shao
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding sleep and sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder, and management of insomnia: an update
Hye-Geum Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(4): 265. CrossRef

Effects and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention on insomnia: Hye-Geum Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):282-288. Published online January 14, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00850

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5 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Medication alone is not sufficient to treat insomnia. In addition, the side effects of sleep medications themselves cannot be ignored during treatment. Insomnia begins with poor sleep quality and discomfort, but as it continues, patients fall into a vicious circle of insomnia with negative thoughts and dysfunctional and distorted perceptions related to sleep. Mindfulness-based intervention for insomnia corrects these sequential cognitive and behavioral processes. The mindfulness technique basically recognizes all the thoughts, feelings, and experiences that occur to us as they are, nonjudgmentally, and then trains them to return to the senses of our body. In this way, while noticing all the processes of the sequential vicious cycle and training them to return to our bodies (e.g., breathing), mindfulness determines whether we are really sleepy or just fatigued. This mindfulness-based intervention can be a useful nonpharmaceutical intervention for insomnia, and its stability and efficacy has been proven by many studies.

Citations

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Comparative efficacy and acceptability of interventions for insomnia in breast cancer patients: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis
Zhifan Li, Qian Wang, Junxia Xu, Qihua Song, Xiaoling Ling, Ya Gao, Junqiang Lei, Andrea Giannini
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0282614. CrossRef
Cognitive and Somatic Mediators of the Effects of Trait Mindfulness on Mental Health Adjustment Following Bereavement
Mariel Emrich, Crystal L. Park, Adam B. David, Lucy Finkelstein-Fox
Mindfulness.2023; 14(12): 2932. CrossRef
Effectiveness of a 4-Day Mindfulness-Based Intervention in a 2-Month Follow-Up for Chinese Incarcerated People
Jieting Zhang, Zening Zheng, Lina Wang, Christina M. Luberto, Man (Sophie) Zhang, Yuhua Wen, Qi Su, Can Jiao
Behavior Therapy.2022; 53(5): 981. CrossRef
Understanding sleep and sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder, and management of insomnia: an update
Hye-Geum Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(4): 265. CrossRef
Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia
Hui Su, Li Xiao, Yue Ren, Hui Xie, Xiang-Hong Sun
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(29): 8740. CrossRef

Original Article

Effect of Sleep on Epileptiform Discharges in Epileptic Patients with Structural Lesion: Based on Routine EEG.: Se Jin Lee, Jeong Sang Hah; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2):107-118. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2.107

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
It is well known that non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep activates the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges(IED) in many epileptic syndromes. We performed this study to assess the effect of NREM sleep on IED in epileptic patients with organic brain lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed awake and sleep electroencephalopathy(EEG) recorded simultaneously after partial sleep deprivation in 50 patients. We calculated the awake and sleep spike index (ASI and SSI, spikes/epoch), and the percentage increase of ASI and SSI during sleep. RESULTS: In the 50 patients, the IEDs were recorded exclusively during the awake state in 1 (2%) patient, and during the sleep state in 13(26%) patients. The SSI was higher in 44 (88%) patients, and the ASI was higher in 5 (10%) patients. The mean ASI and the SSI in patients with organic brain lesions were 0.058+/-0.121 and 0.148+/-0.187, and it was 0.081+/-0.150 and 0.174 +/-0.226 in patients without organic brain lesions. There were significant increases in the spike index (P<0.05) during NREM sleep in both groups (n=36), but no significant difference in the percent increase of spike index (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The IEDs were activated significantly during NREM sleep both in patients with and without organic brain lesions, but there were no differences in the degree of activation in both groups. The activating effect of NREM sleep was not correlated with clinical factors such as, frequent nocturnal seizures, frequent generalized tonic clonic seizures, type of epilepsy and taking anticonvulsants. We conclude that the routine EEG used to evaluate epileptiform discharges in epileptic patients should include sleep recordings after partial sleep deprivation.

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