Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original article

Medical Education
Mediating effect of technostress on the relationship between artificial intelligence literacy and attitude toward digital technology among health professions students: a structural equation modeling approach: Jin Young Lee, Yul Ha Min, Jun Yim, Kwi Hwa Park, So Jung Yune; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2026;43:7. Published online December 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2026.43.7

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study aimed to examine the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy on attitudes toward digital technology and the mediating effect of technostress on this relationship among health professions students.
Methods
An online survey was conducted from May to October 2025 with 1,314 students enrolled in medical schools, nursing schools, dental schools, and graduate schools of dentistry nationwide. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analyses were performed.
Results
The analysis revealed that AI literacy significantly reduced technostress and enhanced attitudes toward digital technology. Technostress also had a negative effect on attitudes toward digital technology, and a partial mediating effect was identified in the relationship between AI literacy and attitudes toward digital technology. In other words, higher levels of AI literacy were associated with lower technostress, which, in turn, led to more positive attitudes toward digital technology. Multigroup analysis further showed that the effect of AI literacy on technostress differed across majors, being significant for medical and nursing students, but not for dental students.
Conclusion
This study confirmed that improving AI literacy reduces technology-related stress and promotes positive attitudes toward digital technology. These findings suggest the need for AI and digital technology education designs that consider the psychological factors of learners in medical education. Furthermore, the observed group differences suggest that AI literacy may function differently depending on discipline-specific technological and educational contexts.

Review article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Prenatal stress and neuroendocrine pathways framing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a functionally based neurodevelopmental disorder: a narrative review: Sung-Cherl Jung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:67. Published online October 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.67

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic underpinning, yet mounting evidence highlights prenatal maternal stress and depression as critical environmental risk factors. Maternal dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with elevated cortisol, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, can cross the placenta and reprogram the fetal neuroendocrine system. These changes may disrupt dopaminergic signaling, suppress brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and alter glutamatergic and GABAergic balance, thus impairing synaptic plasticity and executive function. Clinical and animal studies consistently demonstrate that, unlike autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, ADHD is characterized less by structural abnormalities and more by functional deficits in neurotransmission and circuit dynamics. Recognizing ADHD as a functionally disrupted but structurally preserved condition reframes its etiology within a developmental perspective. This review integrates epidemiological, mechanistic, and preclinical findings to propose a mechanistic framework in which maternal stress and depression may act through neuroendocrine and dopaminergic pathways to shape the prenatal origins of ADHD, suggesting the potential importance of maternal screening and preventive strategies.

Citations

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Cord blood C-reactive protein and ADHD symptoms at age 5: Evidence from two French birth cohorts
Charline Galesne, Shérazade Kinouani, Courtney Dow, Marie Aline Charles, Muriel Tafflet, Judith van der Waerden, Barbara Heude, Ofla Khalfallah, Cynthia Le Mouroux, Laetitia Davidovic, Cédric Galera
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2026; : 106780. CrossRef

Original article

Medical Education
Stress and sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study: Tamal Kanti Kairi, Sanghamitra Dey, Rifat Jahan, Shahnewaz Fuad; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:42. Published online August 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.42

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Abstract PDF

Background
Medical students experience high levels of stress owing to their demanding academic environment, which can significantly impact their sleep quality. This study aimed to assess the status of stress and sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh and identify the factors influencing these conditions.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 280 undergraduate medical students selected by stratified random sampling from four medical colleges in Bangladesh. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, stress- and sleep-related factors, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Results
The study revealed that 65.7% of students experienced stress, which was categorized as mild (27.5%), moderate (22.1%), or severe (16.1%). Poor sleep quality was prevalent in 72.1% of students, with 48.2% being moderately poor sleepers and 23.9% being very poor sleepers. Factors significantly associated with stress included female sex, higher academic year, lack of physical activity, high parental expectations, academic concerns, lack of a doctor in the family, and parental influence in choosing medical education. Poor sleep quality was significantly linked to stress, female sex, hostel residency, increased screen time before sleep, late dinner, daytime naps, coffee intake, and late-night snacks.
Conclusion
This study highlights the high prevalence of stress and poor sleep quality among medical students in Bangladesh. Stress significantly contributes to sleep disturbances, and various lifestyle and academic factors exacerbate these issues. Targeted interventions, including stress management programs and the promotion of healthier sleep, are essential for improving students’ well-being and academic performance.

Citations

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The impact of social support on academic burnout among medical students: the mediating effects of anxiety and depression, and the role of urban-rural differences
Hualing Li, Min Liu, Mengxiao Yang, Enze Gao, Xiuyin Gao
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Sleep Quality, Sleep Hygiene Behaviors, and Psychosocial Determinants Among Undergraduate Students in South‐Eastern Bangladesh: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Md. Mayin Uddin Hasan, Intesar Mahmud Sayeed, Mohammed Zahidul Islam, Md. Shahin Rana, Md. Aminul Anowar, Shantu Ghosh, Abdullah Al Noman, Mohammed Abu Sayeed, Mohammad Injamul Hoq
Public Health Challenges.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Academic stress and online learning engagement in medical students: the parallel mediating roles of sleep quality and positive academic emotions
Li He, Wei Li, Yueyi Zhang, Jiacheng Wang, Ye Yu, Shudi Li, Bowen Liu, Jing Tian
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Review article

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury with respect to oxidative stress and inflammatory response: a narrative review: Eun Kyung Choi, Dong Gun Lim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):115-122. Published online March 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00017

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Abstract PDF

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major complication of liver transplantation, trauma, and shock. This pathological condition can lead to graft dysfunction and rejection in the field of liver transplantation and clinical hepatic dysfunction with increased mortality. Although the pathological mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury are very complex, and several intermediators and cells are involved in this phenomenon, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are the key processes that aggravate hepatic injury. This review summarizes the current understanding of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and, in that respect, addresses the therapeutic approaches to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Miar M. Sherif, Hanan S. El-Abhar, Hala M. Fawzy, Amany M. Gad, Dalaal M. Abdallah
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Original article

Social and Family Medicine
A comparative study of the psychological impacts of tasks related and unrelated to COVID-19 on nurses: a cross-sectional study: Hyun Ji Kim, Geon Ho Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):216-222. Published online November 3, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01361

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study assessed the psychological impact of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on university hospital nurses. It provides an assessment of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, distress, and burnout of nurses dealing directly and indirectly with COVID-19.
Methods
In a web-based, cross-sectional study, 111 nurses from Daegu Catholic University Hospital in Korea were enrolled from August 4 to August 9, 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to assess the psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and burnout among the study participants.
Results
Of 111 nurses, 35 (31.5%), nine (8.1%), 26 (23.4%), and 49 (44.1%) experienced depression, anxiety, distress, and burnout, respectively. Nurses who performed COVID-19–related tasks were more likely to have moderate depression (related vs. unrelated, 52.0% vs. 25.6%; p=0.037). There were no differences in anxiety, distress, and burnout between nurses with and without COVID-19–related tasks. More than 50% of the participants showed receptive and positive attitudes toward caring for COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion
Nurses who performed COVID-19–related tasks had a higher risk of depression. There were no significant differences in anxiety, distress, and burnout between the two groups. Since nurses who perform COVID-19–related tasks are more prone to psychological distress, continued psychiatric interventions are required for infectious disease outbreaks with a high mortality rate for healthcare workers who are emotionally vulnerable.

Citations

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Three years of pandemic stress and staffing challenges: a retrospective qualitative study of COVID-19 impacts on frontline healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing
Brian En Chyi Lee, Mathew Ling, Leanne Boyd, Craig A. Olsson, Hannah Michelle LaFontaine Harvey, Jade Sheen
BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Key predictors of psychological distress and wellbeing in Australian frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 (Omicron wave)
Brian En Chyi Lee, Mathew Ling, Leanne Boyd, Craig A. Olsson, Jade Sheen
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Depression and burnout among Chinese nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: a mediation and moderation analysis model among frontline nurses and nonfrontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients
Jingjun Wang, Xia Huang, Mengmeng Wang, Lei Huang, Ya Wang
BMC Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Frontline nurses' burnout and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Eun-Young Noh, Yeon-Hwan Park, Young Jun Chai, Hyun Jeong Kim, Eunjin Kim
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Review articles

Cell and Developmental Biology
The role of microRNAs in cell death pathways: Ji Hoon Jang, Tae-Jin Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(2):107-117. Published online January 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00836

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Abstract PDF

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate target messenger RNAs. In multicellular eukaryotes, numerous miRNAs perform basic cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Abnormal expression of miRNAs weakens or modifies various apoptosis pathways, leading to the development of human cancer. Cell death occurs in an active manner that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells through regulated cell death processes, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necroptosis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of miRNAs in regulating cell death pathways in cancers and the potential therapeutic functions of miRNAs in cancer treatment.

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Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Can antioxidants be effective therapeutics for type 2 diabetes?: Soyoung Park, So-Young Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(2):83-94. Published online October 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00563

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Abstract PDF

The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.

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Original Article

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome in full-term neonates: Jin Hyeon Kim, Sang Min Lee, Young Hwan Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2018;35(2):187-191. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2018.35.2.187

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Abstract PDF

Background
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a one of the most common cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in neonates. This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for RDS in full-term neonates.
Methods
We conducted this retrospective study using medical records. The study group included 80 full-term neonates diagnosed with RDS and hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2012 and December 2016, at Yeungnam University Hospital. We analyzed sex, gestational age, birth weight, delivery method, maternal age, number of pregnancy, history of abortion, and complication of pregnancy. The control group included 116 full-time neonates who were hospitalized with jaundice during the same period.
Results
The incidence of full-term RDS was more common in males (odds ratio [OR], 3.288; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.446-7.479), cesarean section (OR, 15.03; 95% CI, 6.381-35.423), multiparity (OR, 4.216; 95% CI, 1.568-11.335). The other factors rendered no significant results.
Conclusion
The risk factors for RDS in full-tern neonates were identified as male sex, cesarean section, and multiparity. Further studies involving more institutions are needed to clarify the risk factors for RDS in fullterm infants.

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Dereje Woldeyes, Ayenew Negesse, Alehegn Aderaw Alamneh, Selamawit Shita Jemberie, Abateneh Addis Anteneh, Molla Yigzaw Birhanu
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Tenaw Belay Shitie, Daniel Mengistu Bekele, Feven Mulugeta Ashagrie, Tirusew Nigussie Kebede
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Keren Fang, Shaojie Yue, Shuo Wang, Mingjie Wang, Xiaohe Yu, Ying Ding, Mei Lv, Yang Liu, Chuanding Cao, Zhengchang Liao
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Case Report

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Severe Mitral Regurgitation Due to Coronary Vasospasm, Confirmed by Ergonovine Echocardiography.: Jung Joon Cha, Chan Hee Kyung, Jang Ho Cho, Yong Hoon Kim, Haewon Kim, Sung Joo Lee, Se Joong Rim, Eui Young Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2013;30(2):120-123. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2013.30.2.120

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Abstract PDF: The common causes of organic mitral regurgitation (MR) include mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome, rheumatic heart disease, and endocarditis. MR also occurs secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. In acute severe MR, the hemodynamic overload often cannot be tolerated, and mitral valve repair or replacement must be performed immediately. We report herein a case of severe MR due to coronary vasospasm that was confirmed via ergonovine echocardiography in a 70-year-old man. He was scheduled to undergo mitral valve surgery, but it did not push through and he was put on medical therapy.

Original Articles

Radiology, Radiotherapy & Diagnostic Imaging
Acute Pulmonary Embolism by Silicone Injection: Radiologic Findings.: Jae Kyo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2004;21(2):215-223. Published online December 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2004.21.2.215

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Abstract PDF: Silicone is widely used for medical purposes in breast augmentation and other cosmetic procedures. Illegal injections of silicone in human beings might have adverse effects and one of the serious problems is a silicone embolism. We experienced five cases of unusual respiratory difficulties after an injection of liquid silicone in the breast, vagina, uterus, and hip. They were all young adult females, who were previously healthy. One of them died after the injection. The three remaining patients were admitted because of dyspnea, coughing, chest discomfort and bilateral pulmonary infiltration after the silicone injection. A transbronchial lung biopsy and autopsy disclosed many oil like materials filling the alveolar septal capillaries. Three patients underwent a computed tomogram (CT), which revealed multifocal airspace consolidations at the peripheral and non-dependent portions of both lungs, which is a different finding from other thromboembolisms. Lung scans of the disclosed abnormalities were compatible with silicone induced pulmonary embolism.

Urology
The Effects of Electrical Stimulation Therapy with Microchip for the Treatment of Bladder Irritability Symptoms in Stress Urinary Incontinent Women.: Hee Chang Jung, Yeun Ho Chung, Hyoun Jin Shin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2004;21(2):207-214. Published online December 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2004.21.2.207

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal pelvic floor electrical stimulation (FES) therapy on bladder irritability symptoms in stress urinary incontinent women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation before and after treatment included the Blaivas's female Bladder Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaires and the overall satisfaction with present voiding state using visual analogue test (VAT). All patient were treated for 20 minutes, twice a week for 6 weeks, using a new intravaginal electrical stimulator with microchip (PIC16C74). RESULTS: After the FES therapy, the overall success rate of the SUI was 50.4.% at 9 months. The bladder irritability symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, residual urine sensation and lower abdominal discomfort were improved. In particular, the symptoms of frequency, urge incontinence, dysuria were significantly improved after the FES therapy at 9 months. The VAT score of the overall satisfaction with the present voiding state was significantly lower after the FES therapy. 73.7% of patients were satisfied with the FES therapy and complications such as hemorrhage, vaginitis, urinary tract infection and pain were not encountered. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that FES therapy with microchip improves some bladder irritability in SUI women. Therefore, electrical stimulation therapy should be considered as a first line therapy in SUI women with bladder irritability symptoms.

Citations

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Nae-Young Lee, Ji-Young Han
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Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine
The Efficacy of Biofeedback and Electrical Stimulation by Kontinence HMT2000 in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence Patients.: Yeun Kyoung Bae, Dae Hyung Lee, Sung Chul Park, Sung Hee Jin, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2003;20(1):36-44. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2003.20.1.36

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
To evaluate the efficacy of EMG biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation in the stress urinary incontinence patients by Kontinence HMT2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 14 patients with stress urinary incontinence were treated with combined biofeedback and intravaginal electrical stimulation during 12 sessions from 2 weeks to 6 weeks. RESULTS: At immediate post treatment, subjective cure rate was 28% and improvement rate was 57% and failure rate was 15%. Thus the overall success rate for this treatment was 85%. The result of 3 months after treatment showed cure rate 14% and improvement rate was 43%. Intravaginal pressure increased by an average of 11.9 cmH2O. Increased vaginal pressure was found in 93% of the patients and more than 50% increment of intravaginal pressure was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation by use of Kontinence HMT2000 is effective for the patients who have good compliance, relative low degree stress urinary incontinence. In order to attain good results, a well structured program that teaches specific muscle exercise and the patients should be followed by regular interval reinforcement treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Electric Stimulation and Biofeedback for Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise in Women with Vaginal Rejuvenation Women
Jung Bok Lee, So Young Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(5): 713. CrossRef

Urology
Anterior Vaginal Wall Sling for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence.: Hong Seok Shin, Jin Wook Yoo, Hee Chang Jung, Tong Choon Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(1):59-66. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.1.59

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the anterior vaginal wall sling in the management of women with stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1998 to December1999, 42 patients(31 with genuine stress urinary incontinence and 11 with mixed urinary incontinence, 38 with anatomical incontinence and 4 with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency) underwent anterior vaginal wall sling at Yeungnam University Hospital were studied retrospectively. The mean age was 49.3 years(ranging from 34 to 66 years of age) and the mean follow-up period was 29.4 months(ranging from 16 to 40 months). Intra- and postoperative complication, success rate and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 79 minutes(ranging from 65 to 124 minutes) and the mean hospital stay was 5.1 days(ranging from 4 to 10 days). Mean postoperative Foley catheter drainage was 2.1 days(ranging from 1 to 5 days). As a complication, bladder perforation occurred in one patient(2.4%), residual urine sensation developed in seven patients(16.7%). and suprapubic pain was complained in five patients(11.9%). which improved gradually. Vaginal epithelial inclusion cyst occurred in one patient(2.4%) at postoperative 31 months. Four(9.4%) patients with de novo instablility were improved by anticholinergics medication. The success rate was 92.9% and 38 patients(90.5%) were satisfied with this procedure. CONCLUSION: We consider that the anterior vaginal wall sling to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. but a longer follow-up is necessary to determine long term effect.

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
The Preventive Effect of Antenatal Administration of Ambroxol on the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome.: Eun Sil Lee, Kyung Ah Kim, Son Moon Shin, Min Whan Koh, Tae Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1999;16(1):52-59. Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1999.16.1.52

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of antenatal ambroxol administration to the mothers who were imminent preterm delivery on preventing the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Forty-two preterm newborn infants who were delivered at Yeungnam University Hospital from January 1996 to December 1997 were divided into two groups, twenty-one ambroxol-treated group and twenty-one control group. Six cases of respiratory distress syndromes developed from 21 ambroxol-treated infants. but thirteen cases of RDS developed from 21 control infants. It indicated significant reduction of occurrence of RDS by antenatal administration of ambroxol (p<0.05). There were no differences in the occurrence of adverse effects of ambroxol in mothers between two groups, ambroxol-treated and control groups. There was also no difference between pre- and post-treatment hematologic and biochemical parameters in ambroxol-treated group. In conclusion, when premature delivery is expected, administration of ambroxol before delivery enhances lung maturation in premature newborn infants and prevents the occurrence of respiratory distress syndromes without significant adverse effects.

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
A study of the cause of metal failure in treatment of femur shaft fracture: Fractographical and clinical analysis of metal failure.: Chun Bae Jeon, Jae Sung Seo, Jong Chul Ahn, Myun Whan Ahn, Joo Chyl Ihn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(1):81-93. Published online June 30, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.1.81

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Abstract PDF: The author fractographically analyzed the cause of metal failure (the first time this procedure has been used for this metal failure) and also analyzed in clinically. In this study, I selected eight cases which have been analyzed fractographically. In all these cases, the analysis was done after treatment of metal failure of implants internally fixed to femur shaft fractures at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeung-Nam University Hospital during the six year period from May 1983 to September 1989. 1. Metal failure occurred in five dynamic-compression plates, one Jewett nail, one screw in Rowe plate, and one interlocking nail. 2. The clinical cause of metal failure was deficiency of medial buttes in five cases, incorrect position of implant in one case, and incorrect selection of implant in two cases. 3. The time interval between internal fixation and metal failure was four months in one case, between five months to twelve months in six cases, three years in one case. 4. The fractographically analytical cause of metal failure was ; first, impact failure, one case, second, fatigue failure, six cases, machining mark (stress riser), four case type: low consistent cyclic fatigue failure irregular cyclic fatigue failure third, stress corrosion crack, one case. 5. 316 L Stainless Steel has good resistance to corrosion. However, when its peculiar surface film is destroyed by fretting, it shows pitting corrosion. This is, perhaps, the main cause of metal failure. 6. It is possible that mechanical injury occurred in implants during the manufacturing of implants or that making a screw hole in the main cause of metal failure.

Case Report

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
A patient with stress induced cardiomyopathy that occurred after cessation of hormone replacement therapy for panhypopituitarism.: Seoung Wan Nam, Jun Won Lee, Jeong Han Sim, Hyun Sung Pack, Changjo Im, Jung Soo Lim, Sung Gyun Ahn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2016;33(2):125-129.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2016.33.2.125

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Abstract PDF: Stress induced cardiomyopathy (SC) is characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease. We report on a patient with panhypopituitarism who developed SC resulting from withdrawal of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). A 52-year-old male visited our hospital for progressively worsening dyspnea. The patient had discontinued HRT 7 days ago, which had been administered for 18 months after transsphenoidal adenomectomy for pituitary macroadenoma. Initial electrocardiogram showed marked sinus bradycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography showed apical ballooning with an LV ejection fraction of 25%. No significant obstructive lesions were observed on coronary angiography. With a clinical diagnosis of SC associated with panhypopituitarism, HRT was restarted, including glucocorticoid and thyroxine, along with standard heart failure management. His LV function had normalized at 2-month follow-up. He remains asymptomatic and administration of beta-blocker and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor were discontinued He currently only requires HRT.

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