Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review articles

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Prenatal stress and neuroendocrine pathways framing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a functionally based neurodevelopmental disorder: a narrative review: Sung-Cherl Jung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:67. Published online October 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.67

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Abstract PDF: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic underpinning, yet mounting evidence highlights prenatal maternal stress and depression as critical environmental risk factors. Maternal dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with elevated cortisol, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, can cross the placenta and reprogram the fetal neuroendocrine system. These changes may disrupt dopaminergic signaling, suppress brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and alter glutamatergic and GABAergic balance, thus impairing synaptic plasticity and executive function. Clinical and animal studies consistently demonstrate that, unlike autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, ADHD is characterized less by structural abnormalities and more by functional deficits in neurotransmission and circuit dynamics. Recognizing ADHD as a functionally disrupted but structurally preserved condition reframes its etiology within a developmental perspective. This review integrates epidemiological, mechanistic, and preclinical findings to propose a mechanistic framework in which maternal stress and depression may act through neuroendocrine and dopaminergic pathways to shape the prenatal origins of ADHD, suggesting the potential importance of maternal screening and preventive strategies.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and mental health: a narrative review of emerging benefits and risks: JinWoo Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:61. Published online September 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.61

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Abstract PDF: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), originally developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, are increasingly recognized for their significant impact on the central nervous system, leading to reports of both beneficial and adverse mental health effects. This review summarizes the current evidence on the effects of GLP-1 RAs on various psychiatric and neurocognitive conditions to evaluate their clinical benefits and potential risks. The literature has revealed a complex and multifaceted psychiatric profile. For depression and anxiety, the evidence is conflicting, with large observational studies showing contradictory results that are largely attributable to confounding by indication or methodological differences in the study design. In contrast, consistent and positive evidence suggests therapeutic potential for substance use disorders, particularly alcohol use disorders. Furthermore, emerging data indicate a significant neuroprotective role, with several cohort studies indicating a reduced risk of dementia. The major public and regulatory attention regarding suicidality appears to be driven by the methodological limitations of the initial reports, as well-controlled active comparator studies have not found an increased risk. However, the safety of GLP-1 RAs in high-risk psychiatric populations has not been established. In conclusion, while GLP-1 RAs show considerable therapeutic potential, their unresolved safety profile in patients with preexisting psychiatric conditions necessitates a cautious clinical approach. Future large-scale randomized controlled trials that include psychiatric populations are crucial for clarifying the direct neuromodulatory effects of these agents and establishing guidelines for their safe use.

Analyzing ethical dimensions of mental disorders: trends and key research areas through bibliometric methods: Bo Wang, Oyyappan Duraipandi; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:54. Published online September 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.54

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Abstract PDF: This study aimed to explore key ethical issues related to mental disorders through a bibliometric and cluster-based content analysis of existing academic literature. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Scopus database (Elsevier) up to December 31, 2024, using ethics-and mental disorder-related keywords. The search was limited to English-language journal articles in medicine, psychology, neuroscience, and other related fields. After title and abstract screening, 1,271 articles were included (κ=0.907). Bibliometric analyses including keyword co-occurrence, citation coupling, and country/author mapping were performed using VOSviewer (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University) and Gephi (Gephi Consortium). A cluster-based content analysis was used to interpret the thematic structure of the field. The annual publication volume showed an upward fluctuating trend, with increasing scholarly attention post-1994. Coauthor networks revealed weak centralization, and the core author group remained underdeveloped. Research has been geographically concentrated in North America and Western Europe, particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. Keyword analysis identified six major thematic clusters: (1) conceptual foundations and policy frameworks in mental health ethics, (2) ethical challenges in psychiatric care, (3) research ethics, (4) patient autonomy and rights, (5) end-of-life decision-making and palliative ethics, and (6) neuroethics and emerging biomedical technologies. Recent popular topics include artificial intelligence, epistemic injustice, and medical aid for the dying. This study maps the intellectual structure and evolving focus of the ethical discourse on mental health. These findings highlight the need for ethically responsive frameworks that address patient autonomy, technological advancement, and global equity.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Advances, challenges, and prospects of electroencephalography-based biomarkers for psychiatric disorders: a narrative review: Seokho Yun; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):261-268. Published online September 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00668

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Abstract PDF

Owing to a lack of appropriate biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and treatment, psychiatric disorders cause significant distress and functional impairment, leading to social and economic losses. Biomarkers are essential for diagnosing, predicting, treating, and monitoring various diseases. However, their absence in psychiatry is linked to the complex structure of the brain and the lack of direct monitoring modalities. This review examines the potential of electroencephalography (EEG) as a neurophysiological tool for identifying psychiatric biomarkers. EEG noninvasively measures brain electrophysiological activity and is used to diagnose neurological disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia, and identify psychiatric biomarkers. Despite extensive research, EEG-based biomarkers have not been clinically utilized owing to measurement and analysis constraints. EEG studies have revealed spectral and complexity measures for depression, brainwave abnormalities in BD, and power spectral abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, no EEG-based biomarkers are currently used clinically for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The advantages of EEG include real-time data acquisition, noninvasiveness, cost-effectiveness, and high temporal resolution. Challenges such as low spatial resolution, susceptibility to interference, and complexity of data interpretation limit its clinical application. Integrating EEG with other neuroimaging techniques, advanced signal processing, and standardized protocols is essential to overcome these limitations. Artificial intelligence may enhance EEG analysis and biomarker discovery, potentially transforming psychiatric care by providing early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and improved disease progression monitoring.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Zipper Pattern: An Investigation into Psychotic Criminal Detection Using EEG Signals
Gulay Tasci, Prabal Datta Barua, Dahiru Tanko, Tugce Keles, Suat Tas, Ilknur Sercek, Suheda Kaya, Kubra Yildirim, Yunus Talu, Burak Tasci, Filiz Ozsoy, Nida Gonen, Irem Tasci, Sengul Dogan, Turker Tuncer
Diagnostics.2025; 15(2): 154. CrossRef
Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in Severe Adolescent Depression: Neuroimaging and Pharmacological Insights
Andrei-Gabriel Zanfir, Simona-Corina Trifu
Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2025; 16(Vol 16 No.): 765. CrossRef
Epileptic Seizure Detection Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Lin Bai, Gerhard Litscher, Xiaoning Li
Brain Sciences.2025; 15(6): 634. CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Monitoring and Intervention Using Unsupervised Deep Learning on EEG Data
Akhila Reddy Yadulla, Guna Sekhar Sajja, Santosh Reddy Addula, Mohan Harish Maturi, Geeta Sandeep Nadella, Elyson De La Cruz, Karthik Meduri, Hari Gonaygunta
Psychology International.2025; 7(3): 61. CrossRef
A recent advances on autism spectrum disorders in diagnosing based on machine learning and deep learning
Hajir Ammar Hatim, Zaid Abdi Alkareem Alyasseri, Norziana Jamil
Artificial Intelligence Review.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
High alpha oscillations in portable prefrontal EEG indicate gender-sensitive biomarkers for emotional disorders
Shu Tang, Chuanliang Han, Xuebing Li
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Interhemispheric EEG coherence as a candidate biomarker in gambling disorder: evidence of frontal hyperconnectivity and posterior disconnectivity
Eda Yılmazer, Metin Çinaroğlu, Selami Varol Ülker, Sultan Tarlacı
Frontiers in Neuroscience.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
HEFMI-ICH: a hybrid EEG-fNIRS motor imagery dataset for brain-computer interface in intracerebral hemorrhage
Jian Shi, Danyang Chen, Xingwei Zhao, Zhixian Zhao, Shengjie Li, Yeguang Xu, Tao Ding, Zheng Zhu, Peng Zhang, Qing Ye, Yingxin Tang, Ping Zhang, Bo Tao, Zhouping Tang
Scientific Data.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting Major Depressive Disorder Using Neural Networks from Spectral Measures of EEG Data
Igor Kozulin, Ekaterina Merkulova, Vasiliy Savostyanov, Haonan Shi, Xinyi Wang, Andrey Bocharov, Alexander Savostyanov
Bioengineering.2025; 12(11): 1251. CrossRef

Original article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Impact of COVID-19 on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital: a retrospective observational study: Hee-Cheol Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):86-95. Published online February 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01256

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study aimed to investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the development of major mental disorders in patients visiting a university hospital.
Methods
The study participants were patients with COVID-19 (n=5,006) and those without COVID-19 (n=367,162) registered in the database of Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital and standardized with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model. Data on major mental disorders that developed in both groups over the 5-year follow-up period were extracted using the FeederNet computer program. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of major mental disorders.
Results
The incidences of dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders were significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group. The incidence rates per 1,000 patient-years in the COVID-19 group vs. the control group were 12.71 vs. 3.76 for dementia, 17.42 vs. 7.91 for sleep disorders, 6.15 vs. 3.41 for anxiety disorders, and 8.30 vs. 5.78 for depressive disorders. There was no significant difference in the incidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder between the two groups. COVID-19 infection increased the risk of mental disorders in the following order: dementia (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.45–4.98), sleep disorders (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.76–2.91), anxiety disorders (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.25–2.84), and depressive disorders (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.15).
Conclusion
This study showed that the major mental disorders associated with COVID-19 were dementia and sleep, anxiety, and depressive disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between COVID-19 infection and risk of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiayi Liu, Honghao Lai, Weilong Zhao, Jiajie Huang, Bei Pan, Janne Estill, Long Ge
General Hospital Psychiatry.2025; 97: 130. CrossRef

Communications

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
The applicability of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine: Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):53-55. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01144

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Abstract PDF

A noncontact sensor field is an innovative device that can detect, measure, or monitor physical properties or conditions without direct physical contact with the subject or object under examination. These sensors use a variety of methods, including electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic technique, to collect information about the target without physical interaction. Noncontact sensors find wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, robotics, automobiles, security, environmental monitoring, space industry, agriculture, and entertainment. In particular, they are used in the medical field, where they provide continuous monitoring of patient conditions and offer opportunities in rehabilitation medicine. This article introduces the potential of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging technologies in the field of medicine presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2025
Jong-Ryul Yang, Min Cheol Chang
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 31. CrossRef
Application of noncontact sensors for cardiopulmonary physiology and body weight monitoring at home: A narrative review
Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Heeyeon Won, Min Cheol Chang
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39607. CrossRef
Thinking machines: artificial intelligence in rehabilitation and beyond
Massimiliano Polastri
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(10): 1. CrossRef

Review article

Neurology
Pediatric headache: a narrative review: Saeyoon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):278-284. Published online September 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00528

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Abstract PDF

Headache is one of the most common neurological disorders in children and adults and can cause significant distress and disability in children and their families. The spectrum of pediatric headaches is broad, and the underlying etiology is variable. The symptoms and phenotypes of headaches in children may differ slightly from those in adults. It is important to have a good understanding of headaches in children and to distinguish between primary and secondary headaches through appropriate history assessment and neurological examination. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate drug selection are helpful for effective treatment. This article reviews headaches in children and adolescents, focusing on approaches for diagnosis and management.

Citations

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Episodic Migraine in the Pediatric Population: Behavioral Therapies and other Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options
Parisa Gazerani
Current Pain and Headache Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of kinesiophobia on fear of falling, quality of life and physical activity in children with headache
Özge Baykan Çopuroğlu, Müge Baykan, Pınar Gençpınar, Nihal Olgaç Dündar
Turkish Journal of Kinesiology.2025; 11(1): 10. CrossRef
Parental Knowledge Attitudes and Practice Towards Headaches Among Elementary School-Aged Children in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Hassan M. Alzahrani, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Mohammed Ibrahim A. Al Shaikh, Waleed Saeed M. Alghamdi, Adel Abdulrhman M. Alghamdi, Ziyad Farouq M. Alghamdi, Rayan Tawfiq M. Alghamdi, Elfatih Mirghani M. Salih, Fahad Ali Alamr, Omer M. Abu
International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition.2025; 14(2): 177. CrossRef
Self-Management Strategies for Treating Pediatric and Adolescent Headaches and Migraines with Over-the-Counter Molecules: Expert Opinion and Literature Review
Christopher Oakley, Preeti Kachroo, Ashoke Mitra, John Bell
Pain and Therapy.2025; 14(6): 1687. CrossRef
Exploring downstream effects of gender roles in healthcare decision-making and relationships within systems: A cross-sectional analysis of openness to treatment in pediatric headache
Zoë Schefter, Allison M. Smith
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2024; 179: 111611. CrossRef
Occipital nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with refractory occipital neuralgia
James Mossner, Nour B. Saleh, Maryam N. Shahin, Joshua M. Rosenow, Jeffrey S. Raskin
Child's Nervous System.2024; 40(8): 2465. CrossRef
MRT bei kindlichen Kopfschmerzen
Rebecca Marie Anders, Christian Roth
Kinder- und Jugendmedizin.2024; 24(04): 296. CrossRef
An Evaluation of Previously Undiagnosed Childhood Primary Headache Cases Through Their EEG and MR Findings
Selcan Öztürk, Erdal Komut
The Journal of Pediatric Research.2024; : 129. CrossRef
The Photo- and Phonosensitivity Avoidance Behavior Scales: Evaluating Clinical Utility in Pediatric Primary Chronic Headache
Allison M. Smith, Megan N. Silvia, Hannah Rogan, Alyssa A. Lebel
Children.2024; 11(11): 1338. CrossRef
Multivariate prediction of long COVID headache in adolescents using gray matter structural MRI features
Minhoe Kim, Sunkyung Sim, Jaeseok Yang, Minchul Kim
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Case reports

Neurosurgery
The endoscopic transnasal approach to the lesions of the craniocervical junction: two case reports: Baraa Dabboucy, Wissem Lahiani, Damien Bresson, Nouman Aldahak; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):96-101. Published online July 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00234

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Abstract PDF: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has recently been considered a safer alternative and less invasive approach than the traditional transoral approach because the complications associated with the latter are avoided or minimized. Here, we present two challenging cases of CVJ pathologies. The first case involved os odontoideum associated with anterior displacement of the occipitocervical junction where the EEA was used, followed by C0-C1-C2 fusion using a posterior approach to decompress the CVJ, and was complicated by rhinorrhea and Candida albicans meningitis. The second case involved basilar invagination with syringomyelia previously treated using a posterior approach, where aggravation of neuropathic symptoms required combined treatment with EEA and occipitocervical fusion of C0-C2-C3-C4, with the postoperative course challenged by operative site infection requiring drainage with debridement and antibiotic therapy. The EEA is an alternative approach for accessing the CVJ in well-selected patients. Knowledge of EEA complications is crucial for the optimal care of patients.

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Diagnosis and successful visual biofeedback therapy using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in a young adult patient with psychogenic dysphagia: a case report: Youngmo Kim, Sang Hun Han, Yong Beom Shin, Jin A Yoon, Sang Hun Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):91-95. Published online January 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01543

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Abstract PDF

Psychogenic dysphagia is a deglutition disorder characterized by a fear of swallowing, with no structural or functional causes. This report presents the case of a young male patient who had severe malnutrition due to psychogenic dysphagia and was provided visual biofeedback using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). A healthy 25-year-old man presented to our clinic with a complaint of throat discomfort when swallowing that had started 6 months prior. As the symptoms worsened, he became fearful of food spreading to his lungs after swallowing and the development of respiratory difficulties. His food intake gradually decreased, resulting in a weight loss of 20 kg within 2 months. Evaluation of organic and other functional causes of dysphagia was performed, but no abnormalities were detected. The sensation of a lump in his throat, fear of swallowing, and anxiety were transformed into somatic symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with psychogenic dysphagia. After visual biofeedback by a physician who performed FEES, the patient resumed eating normally and increased his food intake. If routine tests do not reveal structural or functional causes of dysphagia, assessment of a psychogenic swallowing disorder should be considered. FEES can help in the diagnosis and management of psychogenic dysphagia.

Citations

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Functional dysphagia: Developing a framework for assessment and treatment
Anna Miles, Janet Baker, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Sarah Leadley
International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Psychogenic dysphagia and eating phobia in a young adult female managed with multidisciplinary therapy: a case report
Muhammad Suliman Sunkrot, Islam Jadallah, Saja Zaki Junaidi, Mohammed Saleh, Iyad Fahmi Al-Azzeh
Discover Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Endoscopic Biofeedback Training for Cough and Swallowing: The What, Why, and How
James A. Curtis
Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups.2024; 9(6): 1707. CrossRef
The role of laryngeal hypersensitivity in dysphagia: A scoping review with embedded stakeholder involvement
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Focused Review article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
An update on the cause and treatment of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Wan Seok Seo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):275-281. Published online September 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01410

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Abstract PDF

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormalities in social communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive patterns of behavior. ASD is a relatively common psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1.7% in children. Although many children and adolescents with ASD visit the hospital for medical help for emotional and behavioral problems such as mood instability and self-harming behavior, there are also many visits for sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep resistance. Sleep disturbances are likely to increase fatigue and daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, negatively impact on daytime functioning, and pose challenges in controlling anger and aggressive behavior. Sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with ASD negatively affects the quality of life, nothing to say the quality of life of their families and school members. In this review, sleep disturbances that are common in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are presented. The developmental and behavioral impacts of sleep disturbances in ASD were also considered. Finally, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments for sleep disturbances in children and adolescents with ASD and adolescents are reviewed.

Citations

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Prolonged-Release Melatonin for Sleep Disturbances in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Eva Arias Vivas, Adrián García Ron, Elena González Alguacil, Marta Bote Gascón, María Teresa de Santos Moreno, Elsa Santana Cabrera, Guillermo Ruiz-Ocaña de las Cuevas, Juan José García Peñas, Rafael Sánchez-del Hoyo, Víctor Soto Insuga
Annals of Child Neurology.2025; 33(1): 1. CrossRef
Melatonin Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sleep Regulation, Behavioral Outcomes, and Challenges Across the Lifespan
Geir Bjørklund, Oleksandra Oleshchuk, Yana Ivankiv, Olena Venger, Olha Liuta, Khrystyna Mocherniuk, Mariana Lukanyuk, Mariia Shanaida
Molecular Neurobiology.2025; 62(8): 9710. CrossRef
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Mishthi Ratwani, Shradha Bisht, Swati Prakash
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2025; 770: 151978. CrossRef
Current Pharmacological Treatment for Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hatice Altun, Semiha Cömertoğlu Arslan
European Journal of Therapeutics.2024; 30(2): 227. CrossRef
Forensic psychiatric assessment in autism spectrum disorder: Experience of a forensic psychiatry inpatient clinic from Türkiye
Muhammed Emin Boylu, İlker Taşdemir, Mehmet Doğan, Tuba Özcanlı
Journal of Forensic Sciences.2024; 69(6): 2091. CrossRef
Pattern of sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder
Muaath Ahmed Mohammed, Elham Mohammed Abdalkhalig, Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali, Salma Shakir Hassan, Hayat Osman
BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Review of Sleep Disorders and Therapeutic Approaches in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome
Katelyn Bricker, Bradley V. Vaughn
Sleep Medicine Research.2024; 15(4): 228. CrossRef
Sleep and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Markers, Interventions, and Treatments
Deepa Burman, Karthikeyan Ramanujam, Dilshad Manzar, Vijay Kumar Chattu, David Warren Spence, Nevin F. W. Zaki, Haitham Jahrami, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
Sleep and Vigilance.2023; 7(1): 9. CrossRef
Efficacy of Melatonin for Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Mei Xiong, Fang Li, Zhaohua Liu, Xin Xie, Hongli Shen, Weiteng Li, Liping Wei, Rongfang He
Neuropediatrics.2023; 54(03): 167. CrossRef
Sleep disturbances and emotional dysregulation in young children with autism spectrum, intellectual disability, or global developmental delay
Irene Favole, Chiara Davico, Daniele Marcotulli, Roberta Sodero, Barbara Svevi, Federico Amianto, Federica S. Ricci, G. Maurizio Arduino, Benedetto Vitiello
Sleep Medicine.2023; 105: 45. CrossRef
Where I am from matters: factors influencing behavioral and emotional changes in autistic individuals during COVID-19 in Latin America
María Cecilia Montenegro, Ana C. Ramírez, Juventino Hernandez Rodriguez, Bianca T. Villalobos, Gabriela Garrido, Cecilia Amigo, Daniel Valdez, Natalia Barrios, Sebastián Cukier, Alexia Rattazzi, Analía Rosoli, Ricardo García, Cristiane S. Paula, Georgina
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A novel case of prolonged Ifosfamide encephalopathy and long-term treatment with methylene blue: a case report and review of literature
Gabriel Chain, Mudit Kalia, Karen Kestenbaum, Lara Pappas, Anna Sechser-Perl, Gadi Abebe Campino, Nibal Zaghloul
BMC Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sleep Disturbances in Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder
Jessica Galli, Erika Loi, Lucrezia Maria Visconti, Paola Mattei, Anna Eusebi, Stefano Calza, Elisa Fazzi
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of sleep problem in children aged 1–3 years with autism spectrum disorder in Zhejiang province, China
Dan Yao, Shasha Wang, Fangfang Li, Minjie Gao, Jie Shao
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding sleep and sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder, and management of insomnia: an update
Hye-Geum Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2021; 38(4): 265. CrossRef

Case report

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Mega cisterna magna in bipolar mood disorder: a case report: Esra Yazici, Sefanur Kose, Yasemin Gunduz, Elif Merve Kurt, Ahmet Bulent Yazici; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(1):58-61. Published online April 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00864

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Abstract PDF

Mega cisterna magna (MCM), one of the members of the Dandy-Walker complex, is a developmental malformation of the posterior fossa that is larger than 10 mm but morphologically does not affect the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. Reports of psychiatric disorders associated with this anomaly are rare. We present the case of a patient with MCM who presented with a psychotic manic attack and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A 28-year-old female, single housewife, university graduate, presented with irritability, decreased sleep and appetite, distraction, and agitation. The patient also had a delusion of reference. In the clinical follow-up, an increase in energy and an increase in the amount of speech were observed. Her neurological examination was normal, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed an MCM. The relationship and clinical significance of MCM with psychosis and mood disorders have not yet been fully elucidated. It is not known whether this association is accidental or based on etiological commonality. The purpose of this case report is to review the relationship between the cerebellum and psychiatric symptoms and to contribute to the literature.

Citations

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Isolated Mega Cisterna Magna: A Preliminary Study from Eastern Iran
Masoud Pishjoo, Mohammad Safdari, Zohre Safdari, Mahtab Ghaemi, Daniel Kheradmand, Ali Fathi Jouzdani, Sajjad Saghbdoust
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.2025; 20(02): 236. CrossRef
Assessing the role of mega cisterna magna in criminal responsibility: implications for neurocognitive disorders in forensic evaluations
Gamze Onar, Sena Inal Azizoglu, Ece Büyükakça, Fatih Oncu
BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Under‐Interpretation of Neuroimaging Data in Insanity Assessment: A Hidden Risk
Camilla Frangi, Alexa Schincariol, Pietro Pietrini, Giuseppe Sartori, Stefano Ferracuti, Cristina Scarpazza
Behavioral Sciences & the Law.2025; 43(5): 530. CrossRef
Morphometric Analysis of the Brainstem and Subarachnoid Cisterns Using Midsagittal MRI: A Retrospective Study
Hilal Gören, Atakan Kırteke, Nilgün Tuncel Çini
Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2025; 51(3): 577. CrossRef
Radiological characteristics of the posterior fossa of the fetal skull and presentation of a rare case of antenatal screening for Dandy-Walker malformation using antenatal fetal ultrasound and MRI
Ayoub Amghar, Imane El Abbassi, Jalal Mohammed, Assal Asmaa, Lamrissi Amine, Said Bouhya
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 115: 109037. CrossRef
Tic-Related Obsessive–Compulsive and Eating Disorders in Dandy–Walker Variant: A Case Report and Systematic Reappraisal of Psychiatric Profiles
Riccardo Bortoletto, Anna Candolo, Alessandra Nicotra, Luana Saetti, Laura Perini, Matteo Balestrieri, Marco Colizzi, Carla Comacchio
Brain Sciences.2024; 14(4): 362. CrossRef
Benzodiazepines for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With Comorbid Mega Cisterna Magna
Arifah Ismail, Asrenee Ab Razak, Khairil Amir Sayuti, Picholas Kian Ann Phoa
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review article

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Forefoot disorders and conservative treatment: Chul Hyun Park, Min Cheol Chang; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2019;36(2):92-98. Published online May 14, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00185

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Abstract PDF

Forefoot disorders are often seen in clinical practice. Forefoot deformity and pain can deteriorate gait function and decrease quality of life. This review presents common forefoot disorders and conservative treatment using an insole or orthosis. Metatarsalgia is a painful foot condition affecting the metatarsal (MT) region of the foot. A MT pad, MT bar, or forefoot cushion can be used to alleviate MT pain. Hallux valgus is a deformity characterized by medial deviation of the first MT and lateral deviation of the hallux. A toe spreader, valgus splint, and bunion shield are commonly applied to patients with hallux valgus. Hallux limitus and hallux rigidus refer to painful limitations of dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. A kinetic wedge foot orthosis or rocker sole can help relieve symptoms from hallux limitus or rigidus. Hammer, claw, and mallet toes are sagittal plane deformities of the lesser toes. Toe sleeve or padding can be applied over high-pressure areas in the proximal or distal interphalangeal joints or under the MT heads. An MT off-loading insole can also be used to alleviate symptoms following lesser toe deformities. Morton’s neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve that leads to a painful condition affecting the MT area. The MT bar, the plantar pad, or a more cushioned insole would be useful. In addition, patients with any of the above various forefoot disorders should avoid tight-fitting or high-heeled shoes. Applying an insole or orthosis and wearing proper shoes can be beneficial for managing forefoot disorders.

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Case Report

Oncology and Cancer Research
Multifocal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the lung: Gil Tae Lee, Eun Kyoung Kim, Eirie Cho, Seung Sook Lee, Seo Yun Kim, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Hye Ryoun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2017;34(1):84-87. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.84

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Abstract PDF: Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease that can affect the lung. Because of its rarity, little is known about the etiology and natural history of NLH. Most cases are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally on imaging studies. Imaging finding of NLH has shown most commonly as a solitary lesion, although multifocal pulmonary nodules may be seen. Surgical resection has proved curative in the cases previously described. We report a rare case of NLH in a 55 year-old man who presented with bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules on chest radiography. Open biopsy was performed from the upper and lower lobe of the left lung. The lesions were pathologically diagnosed as pulmonary NLH. Multifocal residual nodules in both lungs remain stable without spontaneous regression during the 3 years of follow-up.

Review Article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Clinical Manifestation and Psychopharmacotherpy of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Wan Seok Seo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2007;24(2 Suppl):S252-261. Published online December 31, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2007.24.2S.S252

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Abstract PDF: Pediatric bipolar disorder(BD) is one of the significant psychiatric health problems, which begins in childhood, has chronic persisting clinical course and leads impairs academic, occupational and legal problems of the patients. Fortunately, there has been increasing recognition of pediatric bipolar disorder during the past 10 years, even there are still controversy about clinical features and diagnosis. The clinical presentation of pediatric BD is greatly different to classic BD, relatively higher percentage of mixed, rapid cycling subtypes, not episodic and chronic lasting nature. In addition, pediatric BD has many comorbid psychiatric conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder and that makes more difficult to treat the patients with pediatric BD. To reduce confusion about diagnosis, the National Institute of Mental Health Research Roundtable divided pediatric BD into narrow and broad phenotype. 1) Given the paucity of medication trial studies of pediatric BD, no psychotrophic medications have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, except lithium. There have been a few open trials and retrospective chart reviews on the efficacy and side effects of mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics. More short and long-term randomized, double blind, well controlled trials of medication for pediatric BD are needed.

Original Article

Psychiatry and Mental Health
The Comparison of Intelligence Efficacy According to Methylphenidate Administration in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) Patients.: Hyung Bae Park, Dae Seok Bai, Jeong Sang Ha, Wan Seok Seo, Chang Jin Song; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(2):253-266. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.2.253

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The causes of ADHD(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are various, it is impossible to understand the whole characteristics of ADHD, only with simple intellignece testing scales. We compared cognitive characteristics of ADHD group with normal controls with Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children(K-ABC), It is well known to evaluate neuropsychological and cognitive aspects of the children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age and sex matched 40 ADHD patients and 40 normal controls tested with the K-ABC. Each subscales compared between pre-treatment patients and controls, pre-treatment and post-treatment in patient group, post-treatment patients and controls. RESULTS: Significant differences are ovserved in sequential processing, simultaneous processing, cognitive processing and achievement between pre-treatment patients and controls, and in gestalt closure between pre-treatment and post-treatment patients group. But there are no significant differences between pre-treatment patients and controls in gestalt closure and reading/decoding. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate improved the scores of simultaneous scale, which means improvement of executive functions such as divided attention, analysis and organization. Methylphenidate also reduced distractibility.

Review

Psychiatry and Mental Health
Neurobiological Pathophysiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.: Hyung Bae Park, Yeol Joo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2000;17(2):108-122. Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2000.17.2.108

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) that have proposed a hypodopaminergic state resulting in hypofunction of the prefrontal circuitry have assumed a unitary dopamine system, which largely ignores the distinct functional differences between mesocortical dopamine system and nigrostriatal dopamine system. PURPOSE: The author's goal was to develop a pathophysiological model for ADHD with greater explanotory power than dopaminergic hypofunction hypothesis in prefronal circuitry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published clinical findings on ADHD were integrated with data from genetic, pharmacological, neuroimaging studies in human and animals. RESULTS: Molecular genetic studies suggest that three genes may increase the susceptibility to ADHD. The three candidate genes associated with ADHD are each involved in dopaminergic function, and this consistent with the neurobiologic studies implicating catecholamines in the etiology of ADHD. Pharmacological data also provide compelling support for dopamine and noradrenergic hypothesis of ADHD. Neuroimaging studies lend substantial support for the hypothesis that right-sided abnormalities of prefrontal-basal ganglia circuit would be found in ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: The present hypothesis takes advantage of the major differences between the two pertinent dopamine systems. Mesocortical dopamine system, which largely lacks inhibitory autoreceptors, is ideally positioned to regulate cortical inputs, thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio for biologically valued signals. In this circuit, therapeutic doses of stimulants are hypothesized to increase postsynaptic dopamine effects and enhance executive functions. By contrast, symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD are hypothesized to be associated with relative overactivity of nigrostriatal circuit. This nigrostriatal circuit is tightly regulated by inhibitory autoreceptoors as well as by long distance feedback from the cortex, and slow diffusion of therapeutic doses of stimulant via oral administration is hypothesized to produce a net inhibition of dopaminergic neurotransmission and improves hyperactivity.

Original Articles

Dentistry
Clinical Features of the Temporomandibular Disorder Patients with Occlusal Splint Therapy.: Jae Chul Song, Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1998;15(2):316-324. Published online December 31, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1998.15.2.316

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Abstract PDF: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment results on 55 temporomandibular disorder patients who had treated by conservative treatment using occlusal splint. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of men to women was about 1:2.2 and most of the patients were second and third decades. 2. Pain was the most frequent symptom, followed by clicking and mouth opening limitation. 3. The number of acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months duration of symptoms were similar. 4. Most of patients had Angle's Class 1 molar relationships(78.2%), followed by Class 3 and Class 2. 5. Centric Relation splints were used alone for treatment of 34 patients and 21 patients were treated with Centric Relation splints and Anterior Repositioning splints. The treatment duration of the patients who had complained pain was average 9.8 weeks and 6 patients of them had slight pain continuously during follow-up. 6. Eleven patient's maximum mouth opening who had mouth opening limitation was improved from 30.7mm to 43.0mm during procedures.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
The Study of Reliability and Validity of Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-School Version(ADDES-SV).: Jin Woo Bae, Seung Douk Cheung, Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park, Jin Seung Kim, Chang Jin Song; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(2):415-429. Published online December 31, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.2.415

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of attention deficit disorder evaluation scale-school version(ADDES-SV). Between October 1996 and November 1996, ADDES-SV was administered to 263 elementary school students in the second grade and between Jun 1996 and October 1996, 28 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was significantly high and that of inattention was 0.88, that of impulsivity was 0.80, that of hyperactivity was 0.83 and total score was 0.83. In the reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was significantly high and that of inattention was 0.98, that of impulsivity was 0.87, that of hyperactivity was 0.87(p<0.05). The half-sprit reliability coefficient by first-second half method showed high correlation and that of inattention was part 1: 0.96, part 2: 0.96 impulsivity was part 1: 0.95, part 2: 0.93, hyperactivity was part 1: 0.92, part 2: 0.94(p<0.05). Inter-rater reliability by pearson correlation coefficient was significantly high and that of inattention was 0.92, that of impulsivity was 0.87, that of hyperactivity was 0.89 and total score was 0.89. The concurrent validity between ADDES-SV and CAP scale was 0.85 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and 0.79 in normal control group(p<0.05). In discriminant validity test between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and normal control group, the patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total discriminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-SV was 94.6%. In this point of view, ADDES-SV scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be the useful screening test tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
The Development of the Korean Form of Childhoood Attention Problem(CAP) Scale: A Study on the Reliability and Validity.: Wan Seok Seo, Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park, Hyea Soo Suh, Kwang Hun Lee, Jeong Kyn Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1997;14(1):123-136. Published online June 30, 1997; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1997.14.1.123

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean form of Childhood Attention Problem(CAP) scale. CAP were administered to 98 normal elementary school students as control group and 98 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. Male students showed high scores than female students in both subscale and total scores, but not statistically significant. There were no significant difference in CAP scale between male students and female students in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patients. In the reliability test, the test-retest reliability coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.83, impulsivity subscale was 0.70 and total score was 0.82. In the reliability test by internal consistency, the Cronbach a coefficient was highly satisfactory and that of inattention subscale was 0.91, overactivity subscale was 0.89(p<0.05). The concurrent validity between CAP scale and ADDES-HV scale was 0.85 in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and 0.73 in normal control group(p<0.05). In discriminant validity test between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder patient group and normal control group, the patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total discriminant capacity of the patient group in CAP was 93.4%. In this point of view, CAP scale showed high reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects and was proved to be the good and simple screening test tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research and can help many young patient to treat early.

Dentistry
An Epidemiology Study on Temporo-mandibular Disorders of Employees Residing at Seoul.: Hee Kyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1996;13(2):308-323. Published online December 31, 1996; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1996.13.2.308

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Abstract PDF

This study tried to find the prevalence and distribution of temporo-mandibulr disorders(TMD) for workers (employee) in Seoul area to investigate the correlation between TMD and possible etiological factors such as general muscle and joint symptoms, headache, unilateral chewing and parafunction. This study was an epidemiological investigation of answers obtained from 282 persons by questionaire from Aug. 1995 to Nov. 1995. The major findings from the questionaire were as follows. (1) 43.26% of the subjects(282 persons) has TMD. (41.88% of man and 43.26% of women) (2) The more often people have general muscle and joint symptoms and -headache, the more susceptible they are to TMD. Their correlation was very significant(p<0.001). (3) The more people have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit, the more likely they have TMD. The more sensitive people are to stress, the more frequently they have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit. (4) Unilateral chewing has higher TMD index than bilateral chewing. There is no relationship between ache areas and TMD index.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Psychiatry and Mental Health
An Elementary School Children Screen Test for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Taegu City.: Heung Bae Park, Jin Sung Kim, Sang Ruyl Jang, Sung Chan Park, Hye Soo Suh, Kwang Hun Lee, Young Uck Kim, Chang Su Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1995;12(1):56-74. Published online June 30, 1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1995.12.1.56

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Abstract PDF: The authors applied ADDES-HV parent evaluation scale for the purpose of screeing test to 538 2nd grade elementary school students from March 1994 to May. The results were as follows: There was no differences in scores of ADHD between schools. In comparing the male and female between three school students, male students showed signifieant high scores (p<0.05) than female students in the score of ADDES-HV subscale and total. There was no significant differences in ADDES-HV scale between male students and female students in both ADHD patients and normal controls. In reliability test for test and retest, the reliability coefficient was higher satisfatorily and that of inattention was 0.80, inpulsivity was 0.69, hyperactivity was 0.63 and the total score was 0.82. In reliability test by internal consistancy, the Cronbach a coefficient of patient group was 0.85(p<0.05) and that of normal control was 0.84(p<0.05). The Concurrent validity between ADDES-HV scale and DSM- III -R scale was 0.57(p<0.05) in ADHD patient group and 0.84(p<0.05) in normal control group. In discriminant validity test between ADHD patient group and normal control, the ADHD patient group showed higher score(p<0.05). The total disciminant capacity of the patient group in ADDES-HV scale was 94.44%. When we regard the cut off point as standard deviation 1.5, the male student was 80 score and the female student was 69 score. In this point of view, ADDES-HV scale was proved to be the useful screening test tool for ADHD research and showed higher reliability and validity in applying to Korean subjects.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
The comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effect of methylphenidate on it.: Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1993;10(1):166-178. Published online June 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.166

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Abstract PDF: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the comorbidity of the disorder, using child attention problem checklist to .56 (male : 38, female : 18) patients from. March 992 to February 1993. The results were as follows: Among 56 subjects, ADHD alone were 20 (335.71%) subjects, and with one additional diagnosis were 31 (55.35%) subjects and with two additional diagnosis were 5 (8.93%) subjects. There was significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers in 7th and 28th day after mentylphenidate administration compared to baseline score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to. 7th day score (P<0.05) and 28th day score showed significant improvement compared to 7th day score (P<0.05). There was significant improvment on symptoms in the scores rated by parents in 28th day after methylphenidate administration improvement compared with 7th day score. In single administration of methylphenidate in Sunday morning score compared to afternoon score (P<0.05). In the administration of significant improvement on symptoms compared with the Sunday morning rating score of parents (P<0.05) and the 28th day comparison was also showed significant improvement on symptoms in the scores rated by teachers compared with the scores rated by parents on symptoms (P<0.05). Among group comparison, all groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05) except conduct disorder & oppositional defiant group.

Case Report

Psychiatry and Mental Health
A case of child separation anxiety disorder with severe weight loss and school refusal: Sang Ruyl Jang, Hyung Bae Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. ;10(1):226-236. Published online June 30, 1993; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1993.10.1.226

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Abstract PDF: Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by excessive anxiety about being apart from the individuals to whom a child is most attached. We noticed a case of a 13 year old boy's SAD with symptoms of nausea/vomiting, stomachache, school refusal, and severe weight loss. His mother was overanxious and overdependent but her dependency was frustrated due to family problem. We investigated this case from a point of developmental aspect and family dynamics and tried to attempt therapeutic approach.

Original Articles

Psychiatry and Mental Health
A study on somatization in psychiatric patients.: Jong Bum Lee, Hyung Bae Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(1):68-74. Published online June 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.1.68

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the simplicity and efficacy of the 7-symptom screen test for somatization disorder, the authors tried 7-symptom screen test to find out the easiness in diagnosing the somatization disorder and to evaluate the simplicity and efficacy of it from Mar 1991 to Feb 1992. The objects were 135 female outpatients who visited Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University. The results were as follows; The discriminant index was over 3.0 for all 7 symptoms and two item accuracy was 89% (sensitivity 99%, specificity 77%), three item accuracy was 87% (sensitivity 83%, specificity 90%). In discriminant analysis, the cut off score for the criteria of somatization disorder was 87% when three or more symptoms were checked for 7-symptoms. This result means that 7-symptom screen test is the simple and accurate method for screening and diagnosing the somatization disorder.

Psychiatry and Mental Health
A study of anxiety scale applied to patients with anxiety disorder.: Jung Hoon Lee, Byung Tak Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1992;9(1):156-166. Published online June 30, 1992; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1992.9.1.156

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2 Crossref

Abstract PDF

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), in the subjects of 127 male and 38 female patients with anxiety disorder. The authors investigated 165 patients in Yeungnam university hospital from January, 1987 to June, 1991. In order to analyze the data on anxiety scores Pearson's product moment coefficient correlation method and factor analysis were carried out by SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores among patients with anxiety disorder and male and female college freshmen: patients with anxiety disorder scored 42.40±7.74, male students scored 32.91±5.70, female students scored 34.48±6.00. The anxiety scores relating to the items of body aches & pains, fatigue, anxiousness, panic and urinary frequency were relatively high in patients with anxiety disorder. The anxiety scores on the items of restlessness, apprehension, dyspnea, sweating, and insomnia were relatively low in patients with anxiety disorder. Twenty-nine anxiety disorder group (17.5%) showed significantly high anxiety scores of 50 or over. The inter-rater reliability of Zung's self-rating anxiety scale was 0.71.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of Quality of Communication With Clinicians on Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life Among Korean Family Caregivers in End-of-Life Care Settings
Min Young Jung, Alicia Matthews, Chang Park, Colleen Corte, Geraldine Gorman, Sujeong Kim
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®.2022; 39(10): 1137. CrossRef
Reliability and Validity of Korean Geriatric Anxiety Inventory(K-GAI)
Jiyun Kim, Myung Sook Park, Doo Nam Oh
Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(1): 75. CrossRef

Case Report

Internal Medicine
Rosai-Dorfman disease of soft tissue.: Seung Eon Song, Tae Won Lim, Kwang Jae Lee, A Ra Jo, Byung Do Chae, Myung Ju Ko, Chae Won Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(2):114-117.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.114

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Abstract PDF: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a benign proliferative histiocytic disorder of unknown etiology, which typically manifests as lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms. Lymph node involvement is typical, but soft tissue RDD without nodal or systemic involvement is extremely rare. We report on a case of soft tissue RDD in a 16-year-old girl with a palpable mass on her buttock. It was firm, mobile, and discrete without tenderness. Excisional biopsy was performed, then RDD was confirmed histologically. RDD is a non-neoplastic disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other soft tissue tumors. While the optimal treatment for extranodal RDD remains controversial, surgical excision is typically curative.

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