Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Review article

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Essential micronutrients in children and adolescents with a focus on growth and development: a narrative review: Sukjin Hong; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:25. Published online February 1, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.25

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This comprehensive review examines the crucial role of micronutrients in the health of children and adolescents, focusing on their growth and development. Micronutrients, including vitamins and trace elements, are essential for various biochemical processes and biological functions. We explored the roles, assessment methods, deficiency patterns, and intervention strategies for six essential micronutrients: iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, iodine, and folate. These nutrients were selected based on their fundamental importance in pediatric development. By analyzing the current literature from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, we synthesized findings regarding the impact of these micronutrients on health outcomes in children and adolescents, examining both regional and global prevalence data, with particular attention paid to Korean population data. This review provides evidence-based insights into the assessment and management of micronutrient status in children and adolescents and offers recommendations for clinical practice.

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Clinica Chimica Acta.2026; 579: 120674. CrossRef
Nurturing Movement: Longitudinal Associations Between Caregiver Type, Adolescent Diet, and Young Adult Physical Activity in a National Cohort
Rahel Mathews, Danielle K. Nadorff, Riley Cowart
Nutrients.2025; 17(11): 1874. CrossRef
Micronutrient inadequacy in Europe: the overlooked role of food supplements in health resilience
Samantha Christie, David Crooks, Rowena Thomson-Selibowitz, Ashley Green-Woolard, Konstantinos Mantantzis
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A comprehensive analysis of vitamin a deficiency burden and trends: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021 and future predictions to 2050
Qianhong Hu, Junying Lyu, Jianying Li, Xiaoqing Lin, Sisi Li, Yiming Bu, Qianlei Zhao
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Cofactor Micronutrients, and Cognitive Outcomes in Childhood Obesity: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Opportunities
Marina Darenskaya, Karen J. Cloete, Luybov Rychkova, Sergey Kolesnikov, Zhanna Prokhorova, Natalya Semenova, Natalya Yuzvak, Lyubov Kolesnikova
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(24): 12012. CrossRef
Estratégias atuais em suplementação Pediátrica: da correção de deficiências aos bioativos funcionais
Ana Laura Caixeta Lima, Laura Silva Ferreira, Bárbara Loyolla Candido
RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Focused Review article

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Therapeutic potential of targeting kinase inhibition in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Suji Kim, Jae Hyang Lim, Chang-Hoon Woo; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):269-276. Published online July 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00458

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Abstract PDF

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. The fibrotic process ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and failure in chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, advanced kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common form of progressive and chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Pathophysiologically, the parenchyma of the lung alveoli, interstitium, and capillary endothelium becomes scarred and stiff, which makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar space and bloodstream. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and scarring of the lung tissue. Recent clinical trials focused on the development of pharmacological agents that either directly or indirectly target kinases for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, to develop therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of kinase signaling cascades in the regulation of either TGF--dependent or other signaling pathways, including Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase pathways, and potential therapeutic targets in IPF.

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M2 Macrophage‐Derived TGF‐β1 Drives Tendon Fibrosis in Rodent Tendinopathy Models
Mingyang An, Feng Gao, Baiqing Zhang, Yidong Wu, Kangkang Yu, Zhongyao Li, Yujie Liu, Chunbao Li
Journal of Orthopaedic Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting Growth Factor and Cytokine Pathways to Treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Hongbo Ma, Shengming Liu, Shanrui Li, Yong Xia
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Vitamin D3 alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the MAPK pathway via targeting PSAT1 expression in vivo and in vitro
Wenxiang Zhu, Qi Ding, Lu Wang, Gonghao Xu, Yirui Diao, Sihao Qu, Sheng Chen, Yuanyuan Shi
International Immunopharmacology.2021; 101: 108212. CrossRef
Advances in the science and treatment of respiratory diseases
Jin Hong Chung
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2020; 37(4): 251. CrossRef
Effects of Pirfenidone and Nintedanib on Markers of Systemic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Preliminary Report
Alessandro G. Fois, Elisabetta Sotgiu, Valentina Scano, Silvia Negri, Sabrina Mellino, Elisabetta Zinellu, Pietro Pirina, Gianfranco Pintus, Ciriaco Carru, Arduino A. Mangoni, Angelo Zinellu
Antioxidants.2020; 9(11): 1064. CrossRef

Original article

Dentistry
Evaluation of craniofacial morphology in short-statured children: growth hormone deficiency versus idiopathic short stature: Ki Bong Kim, Eun-Kyong Kim, Kyung Mi Jang, Min Seon Kim, Eun Young Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(1):47-52. Published online July 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00325

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Abstract PDF

Background
Short stature is defined as a height below the 3rd percentile or more than two standard deviations below the mean for a given age, sex, and population. There have been inconsistent results regarding craniofacial morphology in short-statured children. This study aimed to analyze the differences between short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short-statured children, and normal children.
Methods
Thirty-one short-statured children with growth hormone deficiency, 32 idiopathic short-statured children, and 32 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The measurements of their craniofacial structures from lateral cephalograms were evaluated.
Results
There were statistically significant differences among the three groups seven variables (anterior cranial base length, posterior cranial base length, total cranial base length, upper posterior facial height, posterior total facial height, mandibular ramus length, and overall mandibular length) in the linear measurement and five variables (saddle angle, gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, position of mandible, and maxilla versus mandible) in the angular measurement.
Conclusion
Compared to the control group, many linear and angular measurements of the craniofacial structures were significantly different in the two short-statured groups (p<0.05). Treatment plans by orthodontists should include these craniofacial structure characteristics.

Citations

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Dental arches in inherited severe isolated growth hormone deficiency
Rafaela S. Girão, Manuel H. Aguiar-Oliveira, Bruna M.R. Andrade, Marcos A.V. Bittencourt, Roberto Salvatori, Evânio V. Silva, André L.M. Santos, Matheus M. Cunha, Wilton M. Takeshita, Alaíde H.A. Oliveira, Eugênia H.O. Valença, Alécia A. Oliveira-Santos,
Growth Hormone & IGF Research.2022; 62: 101444. CrossRef
Sella turcica dimensions and maxillary growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Gregory S. Antonarakis, Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni, David M. Fisher
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2022; 123(6): e916. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Growth Hormone Deficiency for Oral Health in Children: A Systematic Review
Natalia Torlińska-Walkowiak, Katarzyna Anna Majewska, Andrzej Kędzia, Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(16): 3733. CrossRef
A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Children’s Short Stature with Auxiliary Comprehensive Management Combined with Growth Patch
Haiying Feng, Weizhu Zhao, Huijun Yu, Guanfu Wang, Qunhong Wang, Songwen Tan
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef

Review article

Oncology and Cancer Research
Function of hepatocyte growth factor in gastric cancer proliferation and invasion: Sung Ae Koh, Kyung Hee Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(2):73-78. Published online February 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00437

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Abstract PDF

Cancer incidence has been increasing steadily and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Gastric cancer is still most common malignancy in Korea. Cancer initiation and progression are multistep processes involving various growth factors and their ligands. Among these growth factors, we have studied hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is associated with cell proliferation and invasion, leading to cancer and metastasis, especially in gastric cancer. We explored the intercellular communication between HGF and other surface membrane receptors in gastric cancer cell lines. Using complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray technology, we found new genes associated with HGF in the stomach cancer cell lines, NUGC-3 and MKN-28, and identified their function within the HGF pathway. The HGF/N-methyl-N’-nitroso-guanidine human osteosarcoma transforming gene (c-MET) axis interacts with several molecules including E-cadherin, urokinase plasminogen activator, KiSS-1, Jun B, and lipocalin-2. This pathway may affect cell invasion and metastasis or cell apoptosis and is therefore associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer.

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Fuelling the Fight from the Gut: Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Dexamethasone Synergise to Suppress Gastric Cancer Cells
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Cancers.2025; 17(15): 2486. CrossRef
Progress and prospects of biomarker-based targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer
Zhu Zeng, Qing Zhu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reciprocal Regulation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancer: Implications for Cancer Dormancy
Shih-Hsuan Cheng, Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou, Jiunn-Wei Wang, Ming-Hong Lin
Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2513. CrossRef
Expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review
Leo Issagholian, Ethan Tabaie, Akshay J Reddy, Muhammad S Ghauri, Rakesh Patel
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Remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by the kallikrein-related peptidases
Srilakshmi Srinivasan, Thomas Kryza, Jyotsna Batra, Judith Clements
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Identification of hub pathways and drug candidates in gastric cancer through systems biology
Seyed Reza Salarikia, Mohammad Kashkooli, Mohammad Javad Taghipour, Mahdi Malekpour, Manica Negahdaripour
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer
Zi-Ning Lei, Qiu-Xu Teng, Qin Tian, Wei Chen, Yuhao Xie, Kaiming Wu, Qianlin Zeng, Leli Zeng, Yihang Pan, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Yulong He
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic Signatures of Diffuse and Intestinal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Smrita Singh, Mohd Younis Bhat, Gajanan Sathe, Champaka Gopal, Jyoti Sharma, Anil K. Madugundu, Neha S. Joshi, Akhilesh Pandey
Cancers.2021; 13(23): 5930. CrossRef

Case Reports

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patient with leptomeningeal metastasis of epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer.: Jong Sik Lee, Kyung Ann Lee, Kang Hoon Lee, Sun Young Moon, In Ae Kim, Sung Jin Jeon, Jae Ki Min, Hee Joung Kim, Kye Young Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2016;33(1):64-67. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2016.33.1.64

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Abstract PDF: We report on a 64-year-old man with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated adenocarcinoma of the lung. He was treated with paclitaxel, cisplatin. After completion of chemotherapy, he complained of headache, nausea, and vomiting. EGFR-mutated tumor cells were identified from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Second-line therapy with gefitinib, methotrexate was started. After receiving gefitinib for 4 weeks, he had no more headaches or vomiting. Eleven months after initiation of gefitinib, he developed headache and nausea. Chest computed tomography showed aggravation of bone metastasis. Third-line therapy was started with gemcitabine and carboplatin. Two weeks later, he experienced disorientation. After a fourth relapse within the central nervous system, the therapy was switched to erlotinib and significant improvement of LM was achieved. This case shows that LM can be diagnosed by detecting EGFR mutation in CSF and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective for LM from EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
A Case of Exceptionally Rapid Growing Cardiac Myxoma.: June Ho Bae, Jae Woong Choi, Geu Ru Hong, Sung Kee Ryu, Ji Young Park, Yu Min Jung, Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Kyu Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2010;27(2):155-158. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2010.27.2.155

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Abstract PDF: Myxoma is the most common type of primary cardiac tumor and about 75% of myxomas occur in the left atrium of the heart. Most myxomas are diagnosed by echocardiography. The growth rate of myxoma is clearly unknown and newly developed myxoma is difficult to understand clearly the onset of growth. We describe the case of a newly developed huge left atrial myxoma (7x7 cm)which showed no echocardiographic evidence of the tumor four years ago. Four years later the patient underwent transthoracic echocardiography due to preoperative evaluation that was normal. Nine months later, she presented with dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large mass located in left atrium. Pathology showed a myxoma that measured 7x7 cm implying a growth rate of 0.15x0.15 cm/month.

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
A Case of Gefitinib (Iressa(R))-associated Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Adenocarcinoma of the Lung.: Kyu Jin Kim, Won Jong Park, Sung Ken Yu, Kyeong Cheol Shin, Jin Hong Chung, Myung Soo Hyun, Kwan Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2006;23(2):221-226. Published online December 31, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2006.23.2.221

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Abstract PDF: The tumor lysis syndrome has been described as biochemical disturbances associated with rapid destruction of tumor cells and subsequent synchronized massive release of cellular breakdown products sufficient to overwhelm excretory mechanisms and the body's normal reutilization capacity. The cardinal signs of the tumor lysis syndrome are hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and hyperuricemia. Gefitinib (Iressa) is an oral, selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor that has activity in female, non-smoker and non-small cell lung cancer with an EGFR mutation. Gefitinib is a well tolerated drug with few side effects. It has been associated with skin rash, diarrhea, nausea, a decrease in liver function and interstitial lung disease. However, there is no prior report of the tumor lysis syndrome associated with gefitinib. We report a case of a 54 year-old woman who developed tumor lysis syndrome that might have been induced by gefitinib after the treatment of adenocarcinoma of lung with an EGFR mutation.

Reviews

Nephrology
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in CAPD Patients.: Jun Young Do; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2006;23(1):10-18. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2006.23.1.10

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Abstract PDF

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important etiologic factor for the development of peritoneal fibrosis in CAPD patients. Mesothelial cells are main source of trans-differentiated fibroblasts under stress from the bioincompatible peritoneal dialysate. In our study there was no difference in dialysate TGF-beta and VEGF between the low and high GDP groups during an initial 12 months. However, after adjusting with D-CA125, the low GDPs group showed a significantly lower D-TGF-beta/D-CA125 and D-VEGF/CA125 during the initial 12 months. Among the adjusted peritoneal growth factors for CA125, VEGF/CA125 and TGF-b/CA125 were factors significantly associated with greater EMT in this study. Adjustment of the peritoneal growth factor for effluent CA125 (surrogate for mass of HPMCs) revealed significant association with EMT suggesting that the fibroblastoid transition from HPMCs could be affected by the amount of intraperitoneal growth factors (TGF-b, VEGF) per unit mass of HPMCs. There was significant improvement in both cell score and D-CA125 at the sixth and 12th months after switching from a high GDPs solution to a low GDPs solution. Use of icodextrin solution in patients who had average peritoneal transport showed not only better systemic effects such as decreased glucose absorption via dialysate but also preservation of the peritoneum, including less EMT and high mesothelial bulk mass. In conclusion, Therapy with low GDP solution including icodextrin may positively impact preservation of the peritoneal membrane integrity and prevention of peritoneal fibrosis with time on PD.

Citations

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Transtorming Growth Factor β1 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of A549 Cells
Ju Hee Kim, Young Sook Jang, Kwang-Seok Eom, Young Il Hwang, Hae Raen Kang, Seung Hun Jang, Cheol Hong Kim, Young Bum Park, Myung Goo Lee, In Gyu Hyun, Ki-Suck Jung, Dong-Gyu Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2007; 22(5): 898. CrossRef

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Short Stature and Growth Hormone Therapy.: Yong Hoon Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2005;22(1):1-12. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Normal growth and development is of prime concern during childhood. The treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency has been revolutionized by growth hormone therapy. An improved height outcome with a final height within the target height range has been achieved. However, close follow-up with regular clinical and laboratory monitoring is essential for achieving the desirable height outcome. The theoretical unlimited supply of growth hormone has led to its wide spread use in a variety of disorders other than a growth hormone deficiency. Initially used in children with Turner syndrome, growth hormone is now used to treat chronic renal failure, an idiopathic short stature and intrauterine growth restrictions in addition to a wide array of newly emerging indications. This review summarizes the basics for a proper growth assessment, the differentiation of normal and abnormal growth causes of a short stature, and the indications for growth hormone treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Height outcomes in Korean children with idiopathic short stature receiving growth hormone treatment
Hyun Wook Chae, Il-Tae Hwang, Ji-Eun Lee, Cheol Hwan So, Young-Jun Rhie, Jung Sub Lim, Eun Byul Kwon, Kyung Hee Yi, Eun Young Kim, Chae-Ku Jo, Kye Shik Shim, Ha-Yeong Gil, Min-Jeong Seong, Chung Mo Nam, Ji-Su Moon, Jin Soon Hwang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Dentistry
A Cephalometric Study of Lateral Morphologic Features in Adult Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.: Ic Jun Chang, Woo Ill Sohn, Jae Chul Song, Byung Rho Chin; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2001;18(1):112-122. Published online June 30, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2001.18.1.112

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cleft lip and palate deformity have unknown patterns of maxillofacial growth and development. The maxillofacial growth can be affected either by congenital or environmental factors such as infection and trauma. Surgical repair of cleft lip and palate may interfere the subsequent growth and development of maxillofacial region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of maxillofacial growth patterns in adult cleft lip and palate patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material for this study consisted of 17 adult male patients with cleft lip and palate. Cephalometric tracing and measurements were done by one investigator. The relationship between 17 cleft lip and palate patients and Korean norms were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: There were statistically difference in Na, perpendicular to point A, SNA angle, effective maxillary length, maxillofacial differencial, Wit's appraisal and upper incisor to point A (p < 0.01). Pogonion to Na. perpendicular also statistically differed (p < 0.05). Other measurements didn't statistically differ. CONCLUSION: It was evident that in adult cleft lip and palate patients, maxilla was retruded and short. Careful cleft lip and palate repair and treatment are recommended for facilitating normal growth of maxilla.

Public Health, Environmental, and Occupational Health
A study on physical growth of primary school student in the rural area.: Jun Sakong, Seok Beom Kim, Pock Soo Kang, Jong Hak Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1990;7(1):51-60. Published online June 30, 1990; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1990.7.1.51

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Abstract PDF: In order to assess the physical growth of primary school student in the rural area, body height, weight, chest circumference and sitting height of 923 students (469 males, 454 females) in the town of Angang, Kyungpook province, Korea, were measured from April to May, 1988. The most growth age of boy height was 10-11 years old in both sex and the growth curves were crossed at 9-11 years old. The most rapid growth age of body weight was 10-11 years old and growth curves were crossed at 9-11 years old. The most rapid growth age of chest circumference was 10-11 years old in female, whereupon female outgrows male by contrast with male's slow and linear growth. The most rapid growth age of sitting height was 10-11 years old and the growth curves were crossed at 9-10 years old. The Rother index was 1.17-1.30 in male, 1.16-1.29 in female, and male's index was in general superior to female's.

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