Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a gram-negative bacterium that can oxidize xylose. It is commonly found in contaminated soil and water but does not normally infect immunocompetent humans. We report a case of a cavitary lung lesion associated with community-acquired A. xylosoxidans infection, which mimicked pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer in an immunocompetent man. The patient was hospitalized due to hemoptysis, and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a cavitary lesion in the superior segment of the left lower lobe. We performed bronchoscopy and bronchial washing, and subsequent bacterial cultures excluded pulmonary tuberculosis and identified A. xylosoxidans. We performed antibiotic sensitivity testing and treated the patient with a 6-week course of amoxicillin/clavulanate. After 2 months, follow-up chest CT revealed complete resolution of the cavitary lesion.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Achromobacter species (sp.) outbreak caused by hospital equipment containing contaminated water: risk factors for infection J. Tian, T. Zhao, R. Tu, B. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Shen, Y. Wang, G. Du Journal of Hospital Infection.2024; 146: 141. CrossRef
Full characterization of plasmids from Achromobacter ruhlandii isolates recovered from a single patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) Carla Steffanowski, Mariana Papalia, Andrés Iriarte, Mauricio Langleib, Laura Galanternik, Gabriel Gutkind, Vaughn Cooper, María Soledad Ramírez, Marcela Radice Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2022; 54(1): 3. CrossRef
Nosocomial Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infection Presenting as a Cavitary Lung Lesion in a Lung Cancer Patient Vinoja Sebanayagam, Paul Nguyen, Mo'ath Nassar, Ayman Soubani Cureus.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, which is rare in an immunocompetent patient, was encountered in a 67-year-old man who was admitted due to persistent diarrhea. The first diagnostic tool was colonoscopy, which showed multiple ulcers from cecum to rectum. The secondary tool was CMV polymerase chain reaction, and CMV colitis was diagnosed. Intravenous ganciclovir therapy was administered, which resulted in improvement of diarrhea and ulcers throughout the colon were healed. Asymptomatic colon perforation was detected during diagnostic testing, which improved over the conventional treatment. CMV colitis is rare in immunocompetent patients, but it is essential for the differential diagnosis.