Original articles
- Current status and needs of community-based practice in public healthcare institutions among Korean medical schools: a cross-sectional study
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Songrim Kim, Bongeun Cha, Sun Young Kyung, So Jung Yune, Kyung Hye Park, Kwi Hwa Park
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:21. Published online January 6, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.21
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- Funded: Incheon Public Health Policy Institute
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Abstract
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- Background
This study analyzed the status of community-based practice in public healthcare institutions in Korean medical schools and identified related needs.
Methods
We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in which 32 of 40 medical schools (80.0%) participated between March and April 2023. We developed questionnaire items aimed at ascertaining the status and perceptions of community-based practice and analyzed the response data using frequency analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test, and content analysis with word clouds.
Results
Of the 32 medical schools analyzed, 23 (71.9%) offered practical courses, and of those, 12 (52.2%) implemented practice lessons within courses. Among 20 schools, 18 (90.0%) required students to complete practical courses and over 50% offered these courses in the third and fourth years of the clerkship phase. Perceptions of community practice showed no significant differences based on whether courses were offered. Many schools have proposed that practice should be a continuous curricular element from the premedical to medical years. The primary challenges facing community-based practice were identified as faculty development, collaboration, and compensation of practice institutions. The following words were extracted from the respondents’ comments: practice, community, institution, student, education, faculty, university, and public.
Conclusion
This study identified the limitations of community-based education provided by Korean medical schools and we report findings that highlight areas of improvement. Notable among these is the need to continuously incorporate community-based practice into medical education while engaging in discussions and conducting research toward developing a comprehensive and systematic curriculum.
- Large language model usage guidelines in Korean medical journals: a survey using human-artificial intelligence collaboration
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Sangzin Ahn
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:14. Published online December 11, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00794
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
- Background
Large language models (LLMs), the most recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), have profoundly affected academic publishing and raised important ethical and practical concerns. This study examined the prevalence and content of AI guidelines in Korean medical journals to assess the current landscape and inform future policy implementation.
Methods
The top 100 Korean medical journals determined by Hirsh index were surveyed. Author guidelines were collected and screened by a human researcher and AI chatbot to identify AI-related content. The key components of LLM policies were extracted and compared across journals. The journal characteristics associated with the adoption of AI guidelines were also analyzed.
Results
Only 18% of the surveyed journals had LLM guidelines, which is much lower than previously reported in international journals. However, the adoption rates increased over time, reaching 57.1% in the first quarter of 2024. High-impact journals were more likely to have AI guidelines. All journals with LLM guidelines required authors to declare LLM tool use and 94.4% prohibited AI authorship. The key policy components included emphasizing human responsibility (72.2%), discouraging AI-generated content (44.4%), and exempting basic AI tools (38.9%).
Conclusion
While the adoption of LLM guidelines among Korean medical journals is lower than the global trend, there has been a clear increase in implementation over time. The key components of these guidelines align with international standards, but greater standardization and collaboration are needed to ensure the responsible and ethical use of LLMs in medical research and writing.
Case report
- Development of an automated foot contact area measurement program for podoscopes using ChatGPT-4: a case report
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Min Cheol Chang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:13. Published online December 3, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01326
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
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Abstract
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- Accurate measurement of the foot contact area is crucial for diagnosing pes planus (flatfoot) and pes cavus (high arch), which significantly affect pressure distribution across the plantar surface. This study aimed to develop a program using ChatGPT-4 to automate foot contact area measurements using a podoscope, thereby enhancing diagnostic precision. A 53-year-old female volunteer stood on a podoscope to capture images of her feet, which were processed to isolate the foot contours and measure the contact areas. A program developed utilizing ChatCPT-4 was designed to outline the feet, detect contact areas, and calculate their sizes and ratios. The results demonstrated clear visualization of foot contours with automated calculation of the contact area and its ratio to the total foot area. The entire foot area measured 1,091,381.00 pixels, with a contact area of 604,252.50 pixels. The ratio of the ground contact area to the entire foot area was calculated as 55.37%. This method, which employs advanced image-processing techniques powered by ChatGPT-4, demonstrates the potential for integrating artificial intelligence into clinical applications. This approach could improve diagnostic precision and patient outcomes through personalized treatment strategies.
Review article
- Digital therapeutics in Korea: current status, challenges, and future directions – a narrative review
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Hee Jun Shin, Ik Tae Cho, Wan Suk Choi, Hong Rae Kim, Min Bong Kang, Won Jong Yang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:8. Published online November 18, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01004
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- Funded: Kyungwoon University
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Abstract
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- Digital therapeutics (DTx) are emerging as a transformative innovation in healthcare offering evidence-based digital interventions for the treatment, management, and prevention of various diseases and disorders. In Korea, DTx have gained significant attention as potential solutions to the increasing burden of chronic diseases and mental health conditions. However, the Korean DTx market faces several challenges that hinder its widespread adoption and integration into the national healthcare system. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the DTx market in Korea, identifies the key challenges impeding its growth, and proposes strategies for overcoming these obstacles. This study utilized a literature review and market analysis approach to examine the latest research, industry reports, and regulatory documents related to DTx. The analysis focused on three primary areas: (1) the current regulatory landscape, (2) technological advancements and challenges, and (3) economic and commercial factors influencing DTx adoption in Korea. A comparative analysis of global regulatory practices was also conducted to identify best practices. The findings revealed that while Korea has made significant strides in supporting DTx development, the market remains in its early stages. The key challenges include underdeveloped regulatory frameworks, issues with data quality and security, and a lack of established reimbursement pathways. We recommend developing tailored regulatory frameworks for DTx, enhancing policy support for small and medium-sized enterprises involved in DTx development, and increasing investments in technological infrastructure. By addressing these challenges, Korea could position itself as a leader in the global DTx market, delivering innovative and effective treatments to enhance patient care and outcomes.
Case report
- Ischemic monomelic neuropathy following arteriovenous fistula surgery: a case report
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Da Woon Kim, You Hyun Jeon, Miju Bae, Sang Heon Song
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:7. Published online November 11, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00948
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- Funded: Pusan National University Hospital
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Abstract
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- Ischemic monomelic neuropathy (IMN) is an uncommon complication of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) surgery that presents with pain, motor weakness, and sensory changes without critical ischemia. This report describes a rare case of successful IMN treatment after AVF surgery. A 61-year-old man with diabetic end-stage kidney disease was admitted for left brachiocephalic AVF surgery. Postoperatively, the patient complained of pain, motor weakness, and numbness in the left hand. However, the radial pulse remained palpable, and the overlying skin remained intact. A nerve conduction study above the wrist revealed reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the left ulnar nerve and no CMAP of the left median nerve. This study also showed the absence of sensory amplitude in both the left median and left ulnar nerves. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with IMN. Proximalization of the arterial inflow surgery was performed to redistribute blood flow while maintaining the AVF. The patient’s neurological symptoms resolved postoperatively. Various conditions can cause hand pain after AVF surgery; however, IMN has rarely been reported. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to avoid this rare complication in patients presenting with hand pain after AVF surgery.
Original article
- Comparison of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness among patients with intermittent exotropia according to fixation preference: a retrospective observational study
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Yeon Ju Lim, Soo Jung Lee
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:6. Published online October 25, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00864
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- Funded: Inje University
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Abstract
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- Background
This study was performed to compare the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) depending on the presence or absence of fixation preference in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) with refractive values close to emmetropia and with no amblyopia.
Methods
The study recruited pediatric patients diagnosed with IXT with a spherical equivalent within ±1.25 diopter and no amblyopia. The patients were categorized into two groups: a monocular exotropia group with fixation preference and an alternating exotropia group without fixation preference. GCIPL thickness was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and the macula was divided into nine sectors according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). GCIPL thickness in each sector was compared between the monocular and alternating exotropia groups.
Results
In the monocular exotropia group, GCIPL thickness was significantly thinner in the dominant eye than in the nondominant eye in the S1 sector (91.2±7.4 μm vs. 93.3±5.2 μm, p=0.019). However, in the alternating exotropia group, there were no significant differences between the eyes across all ETDRS sectors. When comparing the interocular differences in GCIPL thickness between the two groups, the monocular exotropia group (absolute value of the dominant eye minus the nondominant eye) exhibited significantly greater differences in several ETDRS sectors than the alternating exotropia group (absolute value of the right eye minus the left eye).
Conclusion
The significant interocular difference in GCIPL thickness in the monocular exotropia group suggests that fixation preference may influence the anatomical structure of the macula in patients with IXT.
Focused Review article
- Clinical significance of exosomal noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: a narrative review
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Jae Sung Yoo, Min Kyu Kang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:4. Published online February 8, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01186
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
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Abstract
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- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with poor prognosis owing to its high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to a lack of early detection markers. Exosomes, which are characterized by their cargos of stable intracellular messengers, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, play a crucial role in regulating cell differentiation and HCC development. Recently, exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs, have become increasingly important diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers of HCC. Herein, we discuss the clinical implications of exosomal ncRNAs, specifically those within the HCC regulatory network.
Review articles
- Invasive strategies for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation: a narrative review
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Hong-Ju Kim, Chan-Hee Lee
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):279-287. Published online September 20, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00703
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- Funded: Yeungnam University Hospital
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Abstract
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- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained tachyarrhythmia and its increasing prevalence has resulted in a growing healthcare burden. A recent landmark randomized trial, the EAST-AFNET 4 (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial), highlighted the importance of early rhythm control in AF, which was previously underemphasized. Rhythm control therapy includes antiarrhythmic drugs, direct-current cardioversion, and catheter ablation. Currently, catheter ablation is indicated for patients with AF who are either refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic drugs or who exhibit decreased left ventricular systolic function. Catheter ablation can be categorized according to the energy source used, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, laser ablation, and the recently emerging pulsed field ablation (PFA). Catheter ablation techniques can also be divided into the point-by-point ablation method, which ablates the pulmonary vein (PV) antrum one point at a time, and the single-shot technique, which uses a spherical catheter to ablate the PV antrum in a single application. PFA is known to be applicable to both point-by-point and single-shot techniques and is expected to be promising owing to its tissue specificity, resulting in less collateral damage than catheter ablation involving thermal energy, such as RFA and cryoablation. In this review, we aimed to outline catheter ablation for rhythm control in AF by reviewing previous studies.
- Recent updates on classification and unsolved issues of diverticular disease: a narrative review
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Kyeong Ok Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):252-260. Published online August 30, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00542
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- Funded: Yeungnam University
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Abstract
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- Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the classification of diverticular disease and the understanding of its pathogenesis. Diverticular disease is now defined as a variety of clinically significant conditions such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis. Low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal intestinal motility, and genetic factors have emerged as the key contributors to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Routine antibiotic use is no longer recommended for all cases of diverticulitis, and simple recurrence is not an indication for surgical treatment. Early colonoscopy with proper preparation is recommended for the treatment of diverticular bleeding, although recent studies have not shown significant efficacy in preventing recurrence. The roles of dietary fiber, nonabsorbable antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylates, and probiotics in the prevention of diverticular disease are controversial and require further investigation.
Original articles
- Factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in professional dancers, including lapse period of group practice due to the COVID-19 outbreak: repeated-measures analysis
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Kiook Baek, Yu-Mi Choi, Joon Sakong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):196-206. Published online May 17, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00171
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- Funded: Yeungnam University
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Background
This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal pain among professional dancers who experienced a lapse in group practice due to coronavirus disease 2019.
Methods
General characteristics, practice time, region of musculoskeletal pain due to injury using the visual numeric scale (VNS), and causative motion were surveyed among professional dancers. Pain of VNS 0 to 3 was categorized as “no or minor,” 4 to 6 was categorized as “moderate,” and 7 to 10 was categorized as “severe.” The causal motions of musculoskeletal pain were analyzed according to body region. Factors other than motion associated with pain were also analyzed.
Results
In total, 368 participants were included. In the univariate analysis, age and practice time were positively associated with “moderate” pain. Practice time, dance experience, and postural accuracy were positively associated with “severe” pain, as was performing Korean traditional dance. In the multivariable analysis, practice time, group practice, and age were positively associated with pain of VNS 4 to 10, and practice time, group practice, and Korean traditional dance were positively associated with pain of VNS 7 to 10.
Conclusion
Among the factors related to dancer training, practice time, group practice, and dance type affect the occurrence of pain.
- Effect of pitavastatin on erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content in patients with chronic kidney disease: two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial
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Minna Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Su Mi Lee, Won Suk An
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):188-195. Published online May 8, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00094
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- Funded: Dong-A University Research Fund
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Background
Statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a reported side effect of statin treatment, some studies have indicated that pitavastatin does not cause DM. The present study investigated the effect of pitavastatin on the fatty acid (FA) content of erythrocyte membranes, which affects the occurrence of DM and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, changes in adiponectin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated after pitavastatin treatment.
Methods
A total of 45 patients were enrolled, 28 of whom completed the study. Over 24 weeks, 16 patients received 2 mg pitavastatin and 12 patients received 10 mg atorvastatin. Dosages were adjusted after 12 weeks if additional lipid control was required. There were 10 and nine patients with DM in the pitavastatin and atorvastatin groups, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane FAs and adiponectin levels were measured using gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.
Results
In both groups, saturated FAs, palmitic acid, trans-oleic acid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those at baseline. The arachidonic acid (AA) content in the erythrocyte membrane increased significantly in the pitavastatin group, but adiponectin levels were unaffected. HbA1c levels decreased in patients treated with pitavastatin. No adverse effects were associated with statin treatment.
Conclusion
Pitavastatin treatment in patients with CKD may improve glucose metabolism by altering erythrocyte membrane AA levels. In addition, pitavastatin did not adversely affect glucose control in patients with CKD and DM.
Review article
- Ultrasound imaging and guidance in the management of myofascial pain syndrome: a narrative review
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Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):179-187. Published online June 17, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00416
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- Funded: National Taiwan University Hospital, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, National Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Abstract
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- Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by muscle pain, tenderness, and trigger points. Ultrasonography has emerged as a key tool for diagnosing and treating MPS owing to its ability to provide precise, minimally invasive guidance. This review discusses the use of ultrasonography in various approaches to evaluate and manage MPS. Studies have shown that shear-wave sonoelastography can effectively assess muscle elasticity and offer insights into trapezius stiffness in patients with MPS. Ultrasound-guided interfascial hydrodissection, especially with visual feedback, has demonstrated effectiveness in treating trapezius MPS. Similarly, ultrasound-guided rhomboid interfascial plane blocks and perimysium dissection for posterior shoulder MPS have significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life. The combination of extracorporeal shockwave therapy with ultrasound-guided lidocaine injections has been particularly successful in reducing pain and stiffness in trapezius MPS. Research regarding various guided injections, including dry needling, interfascial plane blocks, and fascial hydrodissection, emphasizes the importance of ultrasonography for accuracy and safety. Additionally, ultrasound-guided delivery of local anesthetics and steroids to the quadratus lumborum muscle has shown lasting pain relief over a 6-month period. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of ultrasonography in the assessment and treatment of MPS.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Blood Flow of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain and Myofascial Trigger Points
Jace Brown, Gary Kearns, Emily Hedges, Samantha Samaniego, Sharon Wang‐Price
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2025; 44(1): 127. CrossRef - Integrating Ultrasound-Guided Multifidus Injections with Repeated Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation for Low Back Pain: A Feasibility Study
Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Levent Özçakar
Journal of Pain Research.2024; Volume 17: 2873. CrossRef - Ultrasound-guided fascial plane blocks in chronic pain: a narrative review
Francesco Marrone, Carmine Pullano, Alessandro De Cassai, Pierfrancesco Fusco
Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Original articles
- DA-6034 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high fat diet-induced obese mice
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Hong Min Kim, Mi-Hye Kwon, Eun Soo Lee, Kyung Bong Ha, Choon Hee Chung
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):103-112. Published online March 15, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01389
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT, Ministry of Education
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2,572
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride content and increased inflammatory macrophage infiltration through the C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 pathway in the liver. DA-6034 (7-carboxymethyloxy-3',4',5-trimethoxy flavone), is a synthetic derivative of eupatilin that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effect of DA-6034 on the inflammatory response in NAFLD is not well elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of DA-6034 on hepatic steatosis and inflammation.
Methods
Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups: (1) regular diet (RD), (2) RD with DA-6034, (3) high fat diet (HFD), and (4) HFD with DA-6034. All mice were sacrificed 12 weeks after the start of the experiment. The effects of DA-6034 on macrophages were assessed using RAW264.7 cells.
Results
DA-6034 not only reduced hepatic triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation but also macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice. According to fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, DA-6034 reduced the CD8+ T cell fraction in the liver of HFD-fed mice. DA-6034 also reduced CCR5 expression and the migration of liver macrophages in HFD-fed mice and inhibited CCR2 ligand and CCR4 ligand, which stimulated the migration of macrophages.
Conclusion
Overall, DA-6034 attenuates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in obesity by regulating CCR5 expression in macrophages.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Methyl Derivatives of Flavone as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Compounds
Dagmara Jaworska, Małgorzata Kłósek, Joanna Bronikowska, Agnieszka Krawczyk-Łebek, Martyna Perz, Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow, Zenon P. Czuba
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(2): 729. CrossRef - The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5 in the Etiopathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Correlation with Different Degrees of Obesity
Mohammad Muzaffar Mir, Jaber Alfaifi, Shahzada Khalid Sohail, Syeda Fatima Rizvi, Md Tanwir Akhtar, Mushabab Ayed Abdullah Alghamdi, Rashid Mir, Javed Iqbal Wani, Zia Ul Sabah, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Fahad Alremthi, AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani, Muffarah
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(7): 743. CrossRef
- Marginal fit of three different nanocomposite inlays fabricated with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology: a comparative study
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Hyunsuk Choi, Jae-Young Jo, Min-Ho Hong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):80-85. Published online January 22, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00934
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Correction in: J Yeungnam Med Sci 2024;41(3):233
- Funded: Catholic University of Pusan, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Korea Institute for the Advancement of Technology
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1,894
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Abstract
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- Background
This study aimed to compare and evaluate the marginal fit of nanocomposite computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) inlays. Three types of nanocomposite CAD/CAM blocks (HASEM, VITA Enamic, and Lava Ultimate) were used as materials.
Methods
Class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations were prepared on a typodont mandibular right first molar using diamond rotary instruments. The inlays were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and evaluated using the silicone replica technique to measure marginal gaps at five locations on each inlay. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests ( α=0.05).
Results
There were no significant differences in the marginal gaps based on the type of nanocomposite CAD/CAM inlay used (p=0.209). However, there was a significant difference in the marginal gaps between the measurement regions. The gingival region consistently exhibited a larger marginal gap than the axial and occlusal regions (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the measurement location significantly influenced the marginal fit of class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations. However, there were no significant differences in the marginal gaps among the different types of CAD/CAM blocks. Furthermore, the overall mean marginal fits of the class II disto-occlusal inlay restorations made with the three types of nanocomposite CAD/CAM blocks were within the clinically acceptable range.
Review article
- Comprehensive overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury: a narrative review
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Min-Ji Kim, Chang Joo Oh, Chang-Won Hong, Jae-Han Jeon
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):61-73. Published online February 14, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01347
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- Funded: Kyungpook National University
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Abstract
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- Acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a life-threatening condition that predisposes individuals to chronic kidney disease. Since the kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the human body and mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IR-induced acute kidney injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate production, loss of mitochondrial dynamics (represented by persistent fragmentation), and impaired mitophagy. Furthermore, the pathological accumulation of succinate resulting from fumarate reduction under oxygen deprivation (ischemia) in the reverse flux of the Krebs cycle can eventually lead to a burst of reactive oxygen species driven by reverse electron transfer during the reperfusion phase. Accumulating evidence indicates that improving mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and dynamics, and normalizing metabolic reprogramming within the mitochondria have the potential to preserve kidney function during IR injury and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the detrimental role of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in IR injury and explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating kidney IR injury.
Resident fellow section: Teaching images
- Ultrasound assessment of a supraclavicular lipoma entrapping the brachial plexus: a diagnostic insight
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Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Kamal Mezian, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):58-60. Published online December 29, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01284
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- Funded: National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, National Science and Technology, Taiwan, Taiwan Society of Ultrasound in Medicine
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Communications
- The applicability of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine
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Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Min Cheol Chang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):53-55. Published online December 26, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01144
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
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- A noncontact sensor field is an innovative device that can detect, measure, or monitor physical properties or conditions without direct physical contact with the subject or object under examination. These sensors use a variety of methods, including electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic technique, to collect information about the target without physical interaction. Noncontact sensors find wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, robotics, automobiles, security, environmental monitoring, space industry, agriculture, and entertainment. In particular, they are used in the medical field, where they provide continuous monitoring of patient conditions and offer opportunities in rehabilitation medicine. This article introduces the potential of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Application of noncontact sensors for cardiopulmonary physiology and body weight monitoring at home: A narrative review
Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Heeyeon Won, Min Cheol Chang
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39607. CrossRef - Thinking machines: artificial intelligence in rehabilitation and beyond
Massimiliano Polastri
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(10): 1. CrossRef
Original article
- Incidence and severity of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with osteoporosis using data from a Korean nationwide sample cohort in 2002 to 2019: a retrospective study
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Su-Youn Ko, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Kiwook Baek, Chulyong Park
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):39-44. Published online January 3, 2024
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01116
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- Funded: Yeungnam University
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Abstract
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- Background
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a significant concern, particularly among patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs), denosumab, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for osteoporosis. Despite the known risks, large-scale cohort studies examining the incidence and severity of MRONJ are lacking. We aimed to ascertain the incidence and risk of MRONJ among these patients, whom we stratified by age groups, medication types, and duration of use.
Methods
We utilized data from the National Health Insurance Service’s sample cohort database, focusing on patients aged 40 years and above diagnosed with osteoporosis. The patients were divided into three groups: those prescribed BPs only, those prescribed SERMs only, and those prescribed both.
Results
The overall incidence rate of MRONJ was 0.17%. A significantly higher incidence rate was observed among those taking osteoporosis medications, particularly among females with a relative risk of 4.99 (95% confidence interval, 3.21–7.74). The SERM group also had an incidence rate comparable to that of the BP group. Severity was assessed based on the invasiveness of the treatment methods, with 71.3% undergoing invasive treatment in the medication group.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the incidence and severity of MRONJ among a large cohort of patients with osteoporosis. It underscores the need for comprehensive guidance on MRONJ risks across different medication groups and sets the stage for future research focusing on specific populations and treatment outcomes.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer using zoledronic acid and denosumab: Single-center retrospective study
Motohiko Sano, Mai Amano, Miki Yamada, Yosuke Iijima, Shunsuke Hino, Hiroshi Sakagami, Norio Horie, Takahiro Kaneko
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Review article
- Octacalcium phosphate, a promising bone substitute material: a narrative review
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Jooseong Kim, Sukyoung Kim, Inhwan Song
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):4-12. Published online May 9, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00010
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education
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4,222
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208
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2
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- Biomaterials have been used to supplement and restore function and structure by replacing or restoring parts of damaged tissues and organs. In ancient times, the medical use of biomaterials was limited owing to infection during surgery and poor surgical techniques. However, in modern times, the medical applications of biomaterials are diversifying owing to great developments in material science and medical technology. In this paper, we introduce biomaterials, focusing on calcium phosphate ceramics, including octacalcium phosphate, which has recently attracted attention as a bone graft material.
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Citations
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- Improvement of bone regeneration by a synergistic combination of octacalcium phosphate and water glass
Won-Pyo Lee, Euisin Yang, Woong Kim, Riessa Nanda Mertamani, Hana Lee, Se Eun Kim, Kyung Mi Shim, Seong Soo Kang, Sukyoung Kim, Seok-Jun Kim, Jooseong Kim
Materials & Design.2024; 248: 113484. CrossRef - Development of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants from Colloidal Solutions: Part 1—Effect of Solution Concentration and Deposition Kinetics
Bríd Murphy, Mick A. Morris, Jhonattan Baez
Nanomaterials.2023; 13(18): 2577. CrossRef
Original article
- Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the vitamin D pathway in the placentas of women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a laboratory study
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Mi Ju Kim, Hyun Mi Kim, Hyun-Hwa Cha, Won Joon Seong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S9-S16. Published online May 8, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00150
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- Funded: Kyungpook National University Research Fund
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes known to be involved in vitamin D metabolism in the placenta using the placental tissue of mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to determine whether the SNPs and occurrence of GDM are related.
Methods
We enrolled 80 women of the same gestational age, 40 with and 40 without GDM. The placenta was obtained from each woman after delivery and SNP genotyping was performed on seven SNPs in the CYP27B1 (rs10877012), CYP24A1 (rs2248359, rs6013897, and rs2209314), and GC (rs2282679, rs16847024, and rs3733359) genes. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured during the first trimester of pregnancy and before delivery.
Results
At the time of delivery, vitamin D levels were lower (21.05±12.05 mg/dL vs. 31.31±20.72 mg/dL, p=0.012) and the frequency of vitamin D deficiency was higher (60.7% vs. 32.5%, p=0.040) in the GDM group. In women with GDM, the G allele of rs10877012 was more common (86.3% vs. 65.0%, p=0.002). The rs10877012 GG genotype was more common in the GDM group (72.5% vs. 42.5%, p=0.007) and the rs10877012 TT genotype was more common in the control group (12.5% vs. 0%, p=0.007).
Conclusion
Mothers with GDM have lower serum concentrations of vitamin D before delivery than healthy controls and vitamin D deficiency is common. A polymorphism in CYP27B1 (rs10877012), is considered to be a cause of GDM pathogenesis.
Case report
- Thyroid storm caused by metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue after total thyroidectomy: a case report
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So Hee Kwon, Min-Ji Kim, Sin Yeong Jung, Jae-Han Jeon
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S93-S97. Published online May 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00199
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
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2,936
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83
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Abstract
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- Thyroid storm is a life-threatening form of thyrotoxicosis and an endocrinological emergency. We present a case of thyroid storm in a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. A 67-year-old woman with a history of total thyroidectomy 4 years prior to presentation was admitted with deteriorating mental status, fever, and tachycardia. Laboratory tests revealed severe thyrotoxicosis. Although the patient had no residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy, she had a previously diagnosed metastatic thyroid cancer lesion in the pelvic bone. Despite initial treatment with a standard thyroid storm regimen, the patient died 6 days after hospitalization. The patient had no history of Graves disease; however, a thyroxine receptor antibody was detected postmortem. The patient had a history of exposure to an iodine contrast agent, which is a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroxine production from a differentiated thyroid carcinoma is rare but can be a source of clinically significant thyrotoxicosis in patients post-thyroidectomy. Overlapping Graves disease is a common stimulus; however, other causes, such as exogenous iodine, cannot be excluded. This case demonstrates that in the setting of metastatic thyroid carcinoma, thyrotoxicosis cannot be completely ruled out as a cause of suspicious symptoms, even in patients with a history of total thyroidectomy.
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Citations
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- Tormenta tiroidea: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico
José Correa-Guerrero, Hugo Corrales Santander, Jorge Yepes Caro, Jesús Bello Simanca, Luis Rodríguez Arrieta, Alejandro Castellanos Pinedo, Elguis Rodríguez Garizabalo, Carmelo Dueñas Castell
Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Plasma exchange as a rescue therapy for treatment-resistant thyroid storm with concurrent heart failure: a literature review based on a case report
Pouya Ebrahimi, Moloud Payab, Maryam Taheri, Salma Sefidbakht, Neda Alipour, Taha Hasanpour, Pedram Ramezani, Mahbube Ebrahimpur, Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi
International Journal of Emergency Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Data Analysis and Systematic Scoping Review on the Pathogenesis and Modalities of Treatment of Thyroid Storm Complicated with Myocardial Involvement and Shock
Eman Elmenyar, Sarah Aoun, Zain Al Saadi, Ahmed Barkumi, Basar Cander, Hassan Al-Thani, Ayman El-Menyar
Diagnostics.2023; 13(19): 3028. CrossRef
Resident fellow section: Teaching images
- Ultrasound-guided diagnosis/intervention for ischiofemoral impingement syndrome
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Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Levent Özçakar
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S134-S136. Published online July 12, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00500
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- Funded: National Taiwan University Hospital, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Taiwan Society of Ultrasound in Medicine
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PDF
Original articles
- Classification of dental implant systems using cloud-based deep learning algorithm: an experimental study
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Hyun Jun Kong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S29-S36. Published online July 26, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00465
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- Funded: Wonkwang University
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3,701
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156
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7
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11
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and clinical usability of implant system classification using automated machine learning on a Google Cloud platform.
Methods
Four dental implant systems were selected: Osstem TSIII, Osstem USII, Biomet 3i Os-seotite External, and Dentsply Sirona Xive. A total of 4,800 periapical radiographs (1,200 for each implant system) were collected and labeled based on electronic medical records. Regions of interest were manually cropped to 400×800 pixels, and all images were uploaded to Google Cloud storage. Approximately 80% of the images were used for training, 10% for validation, and 10% for testing. Google automated machine learning (AutoML) Vision automatically executed a neural architecture search technology to apply an appropriate algorithm to the uploaded data. A single-label image classification model was trained using AutoML. The performance of the mod-el was evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score.
Results
The accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score of the AutoML Vision model were 0.981, 0.963, 0.961, 0.985, and 0.962, respectively. Osstem TSIII had an accuracy of 100%. Osstem USII and 3i Osseotite External were most often confused in the confusion matrix.
Conclusion
Deep learning-based AutoML on a cloud platform showed high accuracy in the classification of dental implant systems as a fine-tuned convolutional neural network. Higher-quality images from various implant systems will be required to improve the performance and clinical usability of the model.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Artificial intelligence for dental implant classification and peri-implant pathology identification in 2D radiographs: A systematic review
M Bonfanti-Gris, E Ruales, MP Salido, F Martinez-Rus, M Özcan, G Pradies
Journal of Dentistry.2025; 153: 105533. CrossRef - Artificial Intelligence in Detecting and Segmenting Vertical Misfit of Prosthesis in Radiographic Images of Dental Implants: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Paniz Fasih, Amir Yari, Lotfollah Kamali Hakim, Nader Nasim Kashe
Clinical Oral Implants Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Automated Machine Learning in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Sohaib Shujaat
Diagnostics.2025; 15(3): 273. CrossRef - Advanced deep learning techniques for recognition of dental implants
Veena Benakatti, Ramesh P. Nayakar, Mallikarjun Anandhalli, Rohit sukhasare
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2025; 15(2): 215. CrossRef - Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Models in Dental Implant Fixture Identification and Classification from Radiographs: A Systematic Review
Wael I. Ibraheem
Diagnostics.2024; 14(8): 806. CrossRef - A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Approaches for Classifying Dental Implants Decision Support System
Mohammed A. H. Lubbad, Ikbal Leblebicioglu Kurtulus, Dervis Karaboga, Kerem Kilic, Alper Basturk, Bahriye Akay, Ozkan Ufuk Nalbantoglu, Ozden Melis Durmaz Yilmaz, Mustafa Ayata, Serkan Yilmaz, Ishak Pacal
Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine.2024; 37(5): 2559. CrossRef - Applications of Machine Learning in Periodontology and Implantology: A Comprehensive Review
Cristiana Adina Șalgău, Anca Morar, Andrei Daniel Zgarta, Diana-Larisa Ancuța, Alexandros Rădulescu, Ioan Liviu Mitrea, Andrei Ovidiu Tănase
Annals of Biomedical Engineering.2024; 52(9): 2348. CrossRef - Artificial neural networks development in prosthodontics - a systematic mapping review
Olivia Bobeică, Denis Iorga
Journal of Dentistry.2024; 151: 105385. CrossRef - Fracture strength of poly ether ether ketone abutment over short implant after fatigue
Mohamed A.E. Elsayed, Radwa A. El-dessouky, Mahmoud A.-A. Shakal
Tanta Dental Journal.2024; 21(3): 288. CrossRef - Race to the Moon or the Bottom? Applications, Performance, and Ethical Considerations of Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry
Amal Alfaraj, Toshiki Nagai, Hawra AlQallaf, Wei-Shao Lin
Dentistry Journal.2024; 13(1): 13. CrossRef - Advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms for dental implant identification: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Radhwan S. Algabri, Dina Elawady, Wafaa Ibrahim Ibrahim
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for detection of recurrent gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Chang In Choi, Jae Kyun Park, Tae Yong Jeon, Dae-Hwan Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S37-S46. Published online August 17, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00220
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- Funded: Pusan National University
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the diagnostic performance of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of disease recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer.
Methods
The PubMed and Embase databases, from the earliest available date of indexing through November 30, 2019, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT to detect recurrent disease after gastric cancer surgery.
Results
Across 17 studies (1,732 patients), the pooled sensitivity for F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.88) with heterogeneity of I2=76.5 (p<0.001), and the specificity was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.91) with heterogeneity of I2=94.2 (p<0.001). Likelihood ratio (LR) tests gave an overall positive LR of 6.0 (95% CI, 3.6–9.7) and negative LR of 0.2 (95% CI, 0.14–0.31). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 29 (95% CI, 13–63). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve indicates that the area under the curve was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.93).
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis showed good sensitivity and specificity of F-18 FDG PET or PET/CT for detecting recurrent disease after curative resection of gastric cancer despite heterogeneity in ethnicity, recurrence rate, histology, and interpretation method.
- Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism after spinal cord disease at a rehabilitation unit: a retrospective study
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Yoonhee Kim, Minjae Jeong, Myung Woo Park, Hyun Iee Shin, Byung Chan Lee, Du Hwan Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S56-S64. Published online September 20, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00689
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- Funded: Health Fellowship Foundation
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2,816
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84
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2
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) are major complications of spinal cord disease. However, studies of their incidence in Korean patients are limited. Thus, this study investigated the incidence and risk factors of DVT and PTE in Korean patients with spinal cord disease.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 271 patients with spinal cord disease who were admitted to a rehabilitation unit within 3 months of disease onset at a tertiary hospital. The presence of DVT and PTE was mainly determined using Doppler ultrasonography and chest embolism computed tomography. Risk factor analysis included variables such as sex, age, obesity, completeness of motor paralysis, neurological level of injury, cause of injury, lower extremity fracture, active cancer, and functional ambulation category (FAC) score.
Results
The incidences of DVT and PTE in the patients with spinal cord disease were both 6.3%. Risk factor analysis revealed that age of ≥65 years (p=0.031) and FAC score of ≤1 (p=0.023) were significantly associated with DVT development. Traumatic cause of injury (p=0.028) and DVT (p<0.001) were significant risk factors of PTE.
Conclusion
Patients with spinal cord disease developed DVT and PTE within 3 months of disease onset with incidence rates of 6.3% and 6.3%, respectively. Age of ≥65 years and an FAC of score ≤1 were risk factors for DVT. Traumatic cause of injury and DVT were risk factors for PTE. However, given the inconsistent results of previous studies, the risk factors for DVT and PTE remain inconclusive. Therefore, early screening for DVT and PTE should be performed in patients with acute-to-subacute spinal cord disease regardless of the presence or absence of these risk factors.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Associations of RBC counts and incidence of DVT in patients with spinal cord injury: a five year observational retrospective study
Zhang Jinlong, Wang Cheng, He Chengqi
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Coagulation parameters correlate to venous thromboembolism occurrence during the perioperative period in patients with spinal fractures
Yong Jiao, Xiaohong Mu
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Case report
- Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin-induced myopathy presenting as rhabdomyolysis: a case report
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Chae Hun Lee, Byeong Joo Choi, Jung Hun Kim, Tae Woong Yang, Gi Jeong Kim, Ha Young Shin, Se Hoon Kim, Seung Woo Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):430-434. Published online February 13, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00850
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
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Abstract
PDF
- Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) instillation is an adjuvant treatment for non–muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer. Although most complications associated with BCG immunotherapy are mild and self-limiting, rare albeit serious complications have been reported. Only a few cases of BCG-related rhabdomyolysis have been reported. In this study, we present the case of a 72-year-old woman who developed severe weakness and hyperCKemia following intravesical BCG instillation. A muscle biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of drug-induced myopathy was made.
Original articles
- Association between fatty liver disease and hearing impairment in Korean adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study
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Da Jung Jung
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):402-411. Published online June 26, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00304
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- Funded: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare
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6,583
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65
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2
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2
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
We hypothesized that fatty liver disease (FLD) is associated with a high prevalence of hearing loss (HL) owing to metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the association between FLD and HL in a large sample of the Korean population.
Methods
We used a dataset of adults who underwent routine voluntary health checkups (n=21,316). Fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated using Bedogni’s equation. The patients were divided into two groups: the non-FLD (NFLD) group (n=18,518, FLI <60) and the FLD group (n=2,798, FLI ≥60). Hearing thresholds were measured using an automatic audiometer. The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). HL was defined as an AHT of >40 dB.
Results
HL was observed in 1,370 (7.4%) and 238 patients (8.5%) in the NFLD and FLD groups, respectively (p=0.041). Compared with the NFLD group, the odds ratio for HL in the FLD group was 1.16 (p=0.040) and 1.46 (p<0.001) in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed that FLI was positively associated with AHT in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyses using a propensity score-matched cohort showed trends similar to those using the total cohort.
Conclusion
FLD and FLI were associated with poor hearing thresholds and HL. Therefore, active monitoring of hearing impairment in patients with FLD may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of HL in the general population.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- The inflammatory and metabolic status of patients with sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss
Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Kelly Abdo Peron, Tracy Lima Tavares Soeiro, Marina Cançado Passarelli Scott, Flávia Tatiana Pedrolo Hortense, Michelly Damasceno da Silva, Carolina Nunes França, Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Norma de
Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Which Environmental Pollutants Are Toxic to Our Ears?—Evidence of the Ototoxicity of Common Substances
Gregory M. Zarus, Patricia Ruiz, Rae Benedict, Stephan Brenner, Krystin Carlson, Layna Jeong, Thais C. Morata
Toxics.2024; 12(9): 650. CrossRef
- Cortical thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with frailty in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in Korea: a cross-sectional study
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Sang Hyun Jung, Jong Soo Oh, So-Young Lee, Hye Yun Jeong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):381-387. Published online March 24, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00941
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- Funded: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
Frailty is defined as a condition of being weak and delicate, and it represents a state of high vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that the cingulate gyrus is associated with frailty in the elderly population. However, few imaging studies have explored the relationship between frailty and the cingulate gyrus in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods
Eighteen right-handed patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. We used the FreeSurfer software package to estimate the cortical thickness of the regions of interest, including the rostral anterior, caudal anterior, isthmus, and posterior cingulate gyri. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and laboratory tests were also conducted.
Results
The cortical thickness of the right rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) was significantly correlated with the Fried frailty index, age, and creatinine level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the cortical thickness of the right rostral ACG was associated with frailty after controlling for age and creatinine level.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that the cortical thickness of the rostral ACG may be associated with frailty in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis and that the rostral ACG may play a role in the frailty mechanism of this population.
Review article
- Multidisciplinary approach to sarcopenia: a narrative review
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Wook Tae Park, Oog-Jin Shon, Gi Beom Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):352-363. Published online September 7, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00724
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education
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4,780
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227
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3
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Abstract
PDF
- Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass and strength are decreased and muscle function is impaired. It is an indicator of frailty and loss of independence in older adults. It is also associated with increased physical disability, which increases the risk of falls. As a multifactorial disease, sarcopenia is caused by a combination of factors including aging, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia and identifying its different causes is critical to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, consequences, diagnostic methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to sarcopenia.
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- Prevalence of, and factors associated with, sarcopenia in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mobin Marzban Abbas Abadi, Danial Hosseinzade, Majid Khalilizad
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Head and Neck Cancer and Sarcopenia: An Integrative Clinical and Functional Review
Kazuhira Endo, Mariko Ichinose, Eiji Kobayashi, Takayoshi Ueno, Nobuyuki Hirai, Yosuke Nakanishi, Satoru Kondo, Tomokazu Yoshizaki
Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3460. CrossRef - Economic burden of sarcopenia-related disability in the elderly population: a study in Iran
Ali Darvishi, Adeleh Nikkhah, Gita Shafiee, Rajabali Daroudi, Ramin Heshmat
BMC Research Notes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Focused Review articles
- Management and rehabilitation of moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infection: a narrative review
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Chi Young An, Seung Lim Baek, Dong-Il Chun
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):343-351. Published online September 19, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00717
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- Funded: Soonchunhyang Seoul Hospital
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3,509
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157
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1
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Abstract
PDF
- Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating consequences of diabetes, resulting in amputation and possibly death. Therefore, early detection and vigorous treatment of infections in patients with diabetic foot are critical. This review seeks to provide guidelines for the therapy and rehabilitation of patients with moderate-to-severe diabetic foot. If a diabetic foot infection is suspected, bacterial cultures should be initially obtained. Numerous imaging studies can be used to identify diabetic foot, and recent research has shown that white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography has comparable diagnostic specificity and sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is performed when a diabetic foot ulcer is deep and is accompanied by bone and soft tissue infections. Patients should be taught preoperative rehabilitation before undergoing stressful surgery. During surgical procedures, it is critical to remove all necrotic tissue and drain the inflammatory area. It is critical to treat wounds with suitable dressings after surgery. Wet dressings promote the formation of granulation tissues and new blood vessels. Walking should begin as soon as the patient’s general condition allows it, regardless of the wound status or prior walking capacity. Adequate treatment of comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation are necessary. Additionally, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required to treat diabetic foot infections.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef
- Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review
-
Jahyung Kim, Otgonsaikhan Nomkhondorj, Chi Young An, Ye Chan Choi, Jaeho Cho
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):335-342. Published online September 22, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00682
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- Funded: Hallym University Research Fund
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7,829
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Abstract
PDF
- Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most serious complications of diabetes and are a source of reduced quality of life and financial burden for the people involved. For effective DFU management, an evidence-based treatment strategy that considers the patient's clinical context and wound condition is required. This treatment strategy should include conventional practices (surgical debridement, antibiotics, vascular assessment, offloading, and amputation) coordinated by interdisciplinary DFU experts. In addition, several adjuvant therapies can be considered for nonhealing wounds. In this narrative review, we aim to highlight the current trends in DFU management and review the up-to-date guidelines.
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Citations
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- Clinical Efficacy of Type I Collagen Skin Substitutes Versus Human Amnion/Chorion in Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using 55 Patient Randomized Controlled Independent Two Trials, One in India and the Other in the USA
Subramanian Gunasekaran
Biomedical Materials & Devices.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Kick-Starting Wound Healing: A Review of Pro-Healing Drugs
Bethany L. Patenall, Kristyn A. Carter, Matthew R. Ramsey
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 1304. CrossRef - Sequence analysis of microbiota in clinical human cases with diabetic foot ulcers from China
Ying Li, Li Zhang, Meifang He, Yuebin Zhao
Heliyon.2024; 10(14): e34368. CrossRef - The future of diabetic wound healing: unveiling the potential of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomes therapy
Sara Memarpour
American Journal of Stem Cells.2024; 13(2): 87. CrossRef - Etiopathophysiology, Novel and Advanced Therapy Options, Management and Care Plan to Prevent Lower Limb Amputations for Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Richa Dayaramani, Nipa Gandhi, Areeg Anwar Ali Shamsher, Nour Aymn Ahmad
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2024; : 5141. CrossRef - Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef
- State-of-the-art update for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a narrative review
-
Inha Woo, Seung Jae Cho, Chul Hyun Park
-
J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):321-327. Published online October 12, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00976
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- Funded: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare
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2,712
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120
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Abstract
PDF
- Recently, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot and the Infectious Diseases Society of America divided diabetic foot disease into diabetic foot infection (DFI) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). DFI is usually diagnosed clinically, while numerous methods exist to diagnose DFO. In this narrative review, the authors aim to summarize the updated data on the diagnosis of DFO. An extensive literature search using “diabetic foot [MeSH]” and “osteomyelitis [MeSH]” or “diagnosis” was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2023. The possibility of DFO is based on inflammatory clinical signs, including the probe-to-bone (PTB) test. Elevated inflammatory biochemical markers, especially erythrocyte sedimentation rate, are beneficial. Distinguishing abnormal findings of plain radiographs is also a first-line approach. Moreover, sophisticated modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging, are helpful if doubt remains after a first-line diagnosis. Transcutaneous bone biopsy, which does not pass through the wound, is necessary to avoid contaminating the sample. This review focuses on the current diagnostic techniques for DFOs with an emphasis on the updates. To obtain the correct therapeutic results, selecting a proper option is necessary. Based on these numerous diagnosis modalities and indications, the proper choice of diagnostic tool can have favorable treatment outcomes.
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- Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef
Original articles
- Effect of prehydration solution on hearing threshold after chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers: a retrospective study
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Dongbin Ahn, Kyu-Yup Lee, Eunjung Oh, Minji Oh, Boseung Jung, Da Jung Jung
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):164-171. Published online August 24, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00276
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- Funded: Kyungpook National University Hospital
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of prehydration solution on hearing thresholds after cisplatin chemotherapy.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the data of patients who underwent ≥3 courses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancers at a tertiary referral center (n=64). The dextrose solution (DW) group (n=26) received 2 L of normal saline and 1 L of 5% dextrose. The Hartmann solution (HS) group (n=38) received 2 L of normal saline and 1 L of HS. Hearing data were measured 1 day before starting the first course of chemotherapy, and again 20 days after the first, second, and third courses of chemotherapy. The severity of hearing loss was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).
Results
Thresholds at all frequencies after chemotherapy were greater in the DW group than in the HS group. The increase in thresholds in 1 to 4 kHz after the third course of chemotherapy was greater in the DW group than in the HS group. CTCAE grades after the second and third courses of chemotherapy were greater in the DW group than in the HS group. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for CTCAE grade 3 or 4 after the third course of chemotherapy in the DW group was 4.84 on univariate analysis.
Conclusion
Prehydration using a solution with salt was associated with a decrease in change in hearing thresholds after cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers.
- Pediatricians’ perception of factors concerning the clinical application of blockchain technology to pediatric health care: a questionnaire survey
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Yong Sauk Hau, Min Cheol Chang, Jae Chan Park, Young Joo Lee, Seong Su Kim, Jae Min Lee
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):156-163. Published online July 18, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00241
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- Funded: Yeungnam University
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Background
Interest in digital medical information has increased because it allows doctors to easily access a patient’s medical records and provide appropriate medical care. Blockchain technology ensures data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency by distributing medical data to all users over a peer-to-peer network. This study attempted to assess pediatricians’ thoughts and attitudes toward introducing blockchain technology into the medical field.
Methods
This study used a questionnaire survey to examine the thoughts and attitudes of 30- to 60-year-old pediatricians regarding the introduction of blockchain technology into the medical field. Responses to each item were recorded on a scale ranging from 1 (never agree) to 7 (completely agree).
Results
The scores for the intentions and expectations of using blockchain technology were 4.0 to 4.6. Pediatricians from tertiary hospitals responded more positively (4.5–4.9) to the idea of using blockchain technology for hospital work relative to the general population (4.3–4.7). However, pediatricians working in primary and secondary hospitals had a slightly negative view of the application of blockchain technology to hospital work (p=0.018).
Conclusion
When introducing the medical records of related pediatric and adolescent patients using blockchain technology in the future, it would be better to conduct a pilot project that prioritizes pediatricians in tertiary hospitals. The cost, policy, and market participants’ perceptions are essential factors to consider when introducing technology in the medical field.
Resident fellow section: Teaching images
- Right arm pain after strength training: ultrasound imaging for pectoralis major tendon strain
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Ting-Yu Lin, Ke-Vin Chang, Wei-Ting Wu, Levent Özçakar
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):109-111. Published online October 25, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00626
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- Funded: National Taiwan University Hospital, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Taiwan Society of Ultrasound in Medicine
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2,322
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93
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1
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- MSK Ultrasound: A Powerful Tool for Evaluating and Diagnosing Pectoralis Major Injuries in Healthcare Practice
Robert C. Manske, Chris Wolfe, Phil Page, Michael Voight
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Image vignette
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome due to talocalcaneal coalition
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Chul Hyun Park, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Min Cheol Chang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):106-108. Published online October 5, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01473
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
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4,345
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145
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1
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1
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PDF
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Deep-Learning Algorithms for Prescribing Insoles to Patients with Foot Pain
Jeoung Kun Kim, Yoo Jin Choo, In Sik Park, Jin-Woo Choi, Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang
Applied Sciences.2023; 13(4): 2208. CrossRef
Case reports
- Diagnosis and successful visual biofeedback therapy using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in a young adult patient with psychogenic dysphagia: a case report
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Youngmo Kim, Sang Hun Han, Yong Beom Shin, Jin A Yoon, Sang Hun Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):91-95. Published online January 13, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01543
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- Funded: Pusan National University Hospital
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4,543
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173
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Abstract
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- Psychogenic dysphagia is a deglutition disorder characterized by a fear of swallowing, with no structural or functional causes. This report presents the case of a young male patient who had severe malnutrition due to psychogenic dysphagia and was provided visual biofeedback using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). A healthy 25-year-old man presented to our clinic with a complaint of throat discomfort when swallowing that had started 6 months prior. As the symptoms worsened, he became fearful of food spreading to his lungs after swallowing and the development of respiratory difficulties. His food intake gradually decreased, resulting in a weight loss of 20 kg within 2 months. Evaluation of organic and other functional causes of dysphagia was performed, but no abnormalities were detected. The sensation of a lump in his throat, fear of swallowing, and anxiety were transformed into somatic symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with psychogenic dysphagia. After visual biofeedback by a physician who performed FEES, the patient resumed eating normally and increased his food intake. If routine tests do not reveal structural or functional causes of dysphagia, assessment of a psychogenic swallowing disorder should be considered. FEES can help in the diagnosis and management of psychogenic dysphagia.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Endoscopic Biofeedback Training for Cough and Swallowing: The What, Why, and How
James A. Curtis
Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups.2024; 9(6): 1707. CrossRef - The role of laryngeal hypersensitivity in dysphagia: A scoping review with embedded stakeholder involvement
Sophie Chalmers, Fiona Gillies, Sarah Wallace
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders.2024; 59(6): 2333. CrossRef
- Scrotal pyocele secondary to gastrointestinal perforation in infants: a case series
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Soo-Hong Kim, Yong-Hoon Cho, Hae-Young Kim, Narae Lee, Young Mi Han, Shin Yun Byun
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):86-90. Published online December 15, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01508
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- Funded: Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital
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5,023
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104
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1
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1
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Abstract
PDF
- Pyocele in infants is rarely described in the literature, but it is an emergent condition that requires rapid recognition and treatment to prevent testicular loss. If peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation occurs, abdominal contamination may spread through a patent processus vaginalis in an infant, which may lead to pyocele. We report the cases of three infants with scrotal pyocele due to the spread of infection or inflammatory material from the intraperitoneal cavity through a patent processus vaginalis. Two infants were surgically treated, while the other was treated with percutaneous aspiration and intravenous antibiotic administration. Although rare, pyocele should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute scrotum in infants, especially in infants who previously had peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Neonatal pyocele originating from a urinary tract infection: a case report
Zahra Jamali, Mohammad Shafie’ei, Najmeh Soltani Nejad
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Original articles
- Satisfaction of industrial health care managers regarding the work of industrial hygiene engineers: a cross-sectional study
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Byung Sik Choi, Min Keun Kim, Joon Sakong
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):58-64. Published online May 24, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00073
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- Funded: Chunma Medical Research Foundation
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
A group health service is a system that delegates workplace health management to an entrusted institution. There have been various studies on group health services to date, but recent changes, such as an increase in foreign workers, are rapidly changing industry characteristics.
Methods
Satisfaction was assessed using a 27-question survey distributed among 203 workplaces employing health professionals. The survey items consisted of general characteristics, comprehensive satisfaction, requirements for health professionals’ work, and satisfaction with work environment management, ergonomic management, and healthcare management. Multiple regression and frequency analyses were performed.
Results
The comprehensive satisfaction was 4.08 points on average, out of 5. The comprehensive satisfaction of health professionals in the industry was positively correlated with each factor. Hazardous materials and chemical management (material safety data sheets, MSDSs) were the most common requirements.
Conclusion
A low level of satisfaction with work environment management indicates high demand for healthcare management. The working environment should be improved by identifying characteristics of the workplace, examining harmful substances, inspecting equipment, and enhancing worker methods. The shorter the work experience of health professionals, the more dependent they are on group health services. The variables affecting comprehensive satisfaction were the period of work, healthcare management satisfaction, and work environment management satisfaction. Most of the requirements of health professionals in the workplace were practical improvement case presentations, MSDSs, and legal document management.
- Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism by gestational age: a retrospective observational study
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Ha Young Jo, Eun Hye Yang, Young Mi Kim, Soo-Han Choi, Kyung Hee Park, Hye Won Yoo, Su Jeong Park, Min Jung Kwak
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):30-36. Published online April 12, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00059
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- Funded: Pusan National University Hospital
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4,040
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the leading cause of preventable physical and intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to assess the incidence and clinical characteristics of CH in newborns.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all newborns delivered at the Pusan National University Hospital between January 2011 and March 2021. The incidence of CH was compared according to gestational age, birth weight, and small for gestational age (SGA). The patients aged ≥3 years who could not maintain normal thyroid function and required levothyroxine treatment were diagnosed with permanent CH. Logistic regression analysis was performed to compare CH risks.
Results
Of 3,722 newborns, 40 were diagnosed with CH (1.07%). Gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with CH incidence. The odds ratios (ORs) of CH in infants delivered at 32–37, 28–31, and <28 weeks were 2.568 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.141–5.778), 5.917 (95% CI, 2.264–15.464), and 7.441 (95% CI, 2.617–21.159) times higher, respectively, than those delivered at term. The ORs of CH in infants weighing 1,500–2,499 g, 1,000–1,499 g, and <1,000 g were 4.664 (95% CI, 1.928–11.279), 11.076 (95% CI, 4.089–29.999), and 12.544 (95% CI, 4.350–36.176) times greater, respectively, than those in infants weighing ≥2,500 g. The OR of CH was 6.795 (95% CI, 3.553–13.692) times greater in SGA than in non-SGA infants.
Conclusion
The CH incidence in South Korea has increased significantly compared with that in the past. Gestational age, birth weight, and SGA were significantly associated with CH incidence.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- History of Neonatal Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Portugal
Maria José Costeira, Patrício Costa, Susana Roque, Ivone Carvalho, Laura Vilarinho, Joana Almeida Palha
International Journal of Neonatal Screening.2024; 10(1): 16. CrossRef - CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN NEWBORN AND ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS AMONG NEONATE DELIVERED AT MILITARY HOSPITAL IN A CITY OF CENTRAL INDIA
ANISHA BEEGUM, SRUTI KRITI
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.2024; : 38. CrossRef - The prevalence of hypothyroxinemia in premature newborns
Renata Stawerska, Marzena Nowak-Bednarek, Tomasz Talar, Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska, Anna Łupińska, Maciej Hilczer, Ewa Gulczyńska, Andrzej Lewiński
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Review article
- The use of animal models in rheumatoid arthritis research
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Jin-Sun Kong, Gi Heon Jeong, Seung-Ah Yoo
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):23-29. Published online November 22, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00773
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
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5,862
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333
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9
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12
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Abstract
PDF
- The pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a synovial pannus that comprises proliferating and invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and an associated neoangiogenic response. Animal models have been established to study these pathological features of human RA. Spontaneous and induced animal models of RA primarily reflect inflammatory aspects of the disease. Among various induced animal models, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) models are widely used to study the pathogenesis of RA. Improved transplantation techniques for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse models of RA can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics in human tissues and cells. This review provides basic information on various animal models of RA, including CIA and CAIA. In addition, we describe a SCID mouse coimplantation model that can measure the long-distance migration of human RA synoviocytes and cartilage destruction induced by these cells.
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Citations
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- Anti-rheumatic arthritis efficacy of Pueraria montana extract against type-II collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis rat model an in vitro and in vivo assessment
Fangming Wang, Minli Liu, Qian Tang, Haijian Sun, Guangxia Yang, Jian Sun
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2025; 340: 119175. CrossRef - Disclosing the impact of metformin and methotrexate in adjuvant arthritis in female rats: molecular docking and biochemical insights on visfatin
Ahmed Mostafa Mahmoud, Esam Mohamed Abu Alfadl, Ahmed R. H. Ahmed, Azza M. A. Abouelella, Omar Alshazly, Mamdouh F. A. Mohamed, Hasan El Allaf, Rasha M. Allam
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by modulating the balance between Treg and Th17 cells
Na Tian, Cui Yang, Yu Du, Miao Chen, Bin Li, Dan Li, Sheng-Ming Dai
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - CRISPRa engineered Elite macrophages enable adoptive cell therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
Yuhong Huang, Zhuqian Wang, Chuanxin Zhong, Hongzhen Chen, Xinxin Chen, Chunhao Cao, Fang Qiu, Duoli Xie, Jin Li, Jie Li, Xu Yang, Aiping Lu, Xuekun Fu, Chao Liang
The Innovation Medicine.2024; 2(1): 100050. CrossRef - Microenvironmental Enzyme-Responsive Methotrexate Modified Quercetin Micelles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Xiuying Li, Xin Wang, Xiuwu Qu, Ningning Shi, Qinqing Li, Zhifang Yan, Yandong Li, Yingli Wang
International Journal of Nanomedicine.2024; Volume 19: 3259. CrossRef - Clinical Phenotypes, Serological Biomarkers, and Synovial Features Defining Seropositive and Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Literature Review
James Perera, Chiara Aurora Delrosso, Alessandra Nerviani, Costantino Pitzalis
Cells.2024; 13(9): 743. CrossRef - Emerging Landscape of In Vitro Models for Assessing Rheumatoid Arthritis Management
Abhay Prakash Mishra, Rajesh Kumar, Seetha Harilal, Manisha Nigam, Deepanjan Datta, Sudarshan Singh
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.2024; 7(8): 2280. CrossRef - JAK Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Efficacy
Kajetan Kiełbowski, Paulina Plewa, Aleksandra Wiktoria Bratborska, Estera Bakinowska, Andrzej Pawlik
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(15): 8327. CrossRef - Astaxanthin, Compared to Other Carotenoids, Increases the Efficacy of Methotrexate in Rat Adjuvant Arthritis
Katarína Pružinská, Martin Chrastina, Sasan Khademnematolahi, Veronika Vyletelová, Lívia Gajdošová, Lucia Pastvová, František Dráfi, Silvester Poništ, Ľudmila Pašková, Jarmila Kucharská, Zuzana Sumbalová, Jana Muchová, Silvia Martiniaková, Katarína Bauero
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(16): 8710. CrossRef - In vivo murine models for evaluating anti-arthritic agents: An updated review
Santenna Chenchula, Ahmad Najmi, Shubham Atal, Balakrishnan Sadasivam
Future Health.2024; 2: 138. CrossRef - Impaired Development of Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis in Rab44-Deficient Mice
Yu Yamaguchi, Tomoko Kadowaki, Eiko Sakai, Mayuko Noguromi, Shun Oyakawa, Takayuki Tsukuba
Biomedicines.2024; 12(11): 2504. CrossRef - Levamisole Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Pathway in SD Rats
Mu Guo, Xiangbin Yu, Zesheng Yang, Hanlu Zheng, Jiahui Zhang, Junxiang Wang, Yiqi Liao, Weirui Huang, Zhaolong Lin, Yingxue Yan, Nengfu Qiu, Jianmin Chen, Yue Yu
Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(11): 1504. CrossRef
Communication
- The pros and cons of entry restrictions: are entry restrictions really effective in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2?
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Donghwi Park, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Min Cheol Chang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):344-346. Published online January 14, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01599
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
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4,266
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Abstract
PDF
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread worldwide, leading the World Health Organization to declare coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. To curb the unchecked spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, most countries have enforced travel restrictions. However, it is debatable whether such restrictions are effective in containing infections and preventing pandemics. Rather, they may negatively impact economies and diplomatic relationships. Each government should conduct an extensive and appropriate analysis of its national economy, diplomatic status, and COVID-19 preparedness to decide whether it is best to restrict entering travelers. Even if travelers from other countries are allowed entry, extensive contact tracing is required to prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, governments can implement “travel bubbles,” which allow the quarantine-free flow of people among countries with relatively low levels of community transmission. An accurate evaluation of the benefits and losses due to entry restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic would be helpful in determining whether entry restrictions are an effective measure to reduce the spread of infection in future pandemics.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- “Exceptionally challenging time for all of us”: Qualitative study of the COVID-19 experiences of partners of diplomatic personnel
Samantha K. Brooks, Dipti Patel, Neil Greenberg, Joseph Adu
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0293557. CrossRef
Case report
- Recovery of the ascending reticular activating system and consciousness following comprehensive management in a patient with traumatic brain injury: a case report
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Sung Ho Jang, Young Hyeon Kwon
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):332-335. Published online August 12, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01172
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
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Abstract
PDF
- We report on changes in the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) concurrent with the recovery of impaired consciousness following rehabilitation and cranioplasty in a patient with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which were demonstrated on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). A 34-year-old male patient was diagnosed with a traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage after falling from a height of approximately 7 m and underwent a right frontoparietotemporal decompressive craniectomy and hematoma removal. At 5 months after onset, when starting rehabilitation, the patient showed impaired consciousness, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 4. Comprehensive rehabilitative therapy was provided until 14 months after onset, and his GCS score improved to 8. Cranioplasty was performed using auto-bone at 14 months after onset. One month after cranioplasty, his GCS score improved to 12. On the 15-month DTT, the deviated lower dorsal ARAS was restored on both sides, and the right side had become thicker. The right lower ventral ARAS was reconstructed, and increased neural connectivity of the upper ARAS was detected in both the prefrontal cortices. Thus, changes in the ARAS were demonstrated in a patient with TBI during recovery of consciousness following rehabilitation and cranioplasty.
Original articles
- A study on the mental health of students at a medical school during COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective study
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Yu Ra Kim, Hye Jin Park, Bon-Hoon Koo, Ji Young Hwang, Young Hwan Lee
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):314-321. Published online August 16, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00437
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- Funded: Yeungnam University Medical Center
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3,787
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
In this study, the degree of anxiety, depression, and stress caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified, as well as the need for psychological prevention measures among medical students in the Daegu region that was designated the first special disaster area due to the spread of COVID-19.
Methods
The subjects of this study were 318 medical students in Daegu who voluntarily participated in an online test using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version. As a result of the test, risk students received immediate telephone counseling, and the effect of this telephone counseling was analyzed.
Results
There were no differences in depression, anxiety, or stress according to gender and grade. As a result of immediate telephone counseling for risk students, significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, and stress, and the counseling was found to be effective.
Conclusion
For medical students who are easily exposed to stress, the importance of psychological prevention measures and effectiveness of non-face-to-face counseling should be recognized. In the field of medical education, we must do our best to build a system that can be used immediately at the appropriate time for these programs.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Global prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yen-Ko Lin, Ita Daryanti Saragih, Chia-Ju Lin, Hsin-Liang Liu, Chao-Wen Chen, Yung-Sung Yeh
BMC Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Post-Pandemic Evaluation: Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Medical Students’ Mental Health, Self-Esteem, Social Interactions, and Academic Progression in Malaysia
Sia Woon Teen, Tan Jih Huei, Lee Tiong Chan, Tay Jia Chyi
Sage Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Study on the Learning Environment of Medical Students in the COVID-19
Yu Ra Kim, Hye Jin Park, Saeyoon Kim
Keimyung Medical Journal.2023; 42(2): 80. CrossRef
- Intensive care unit management of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection in relation to treatment period: a retrospective observational study
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Chul Ho Lee, Jae Seok Jang, Jun Woo Cho
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):294-299. Published online February 10, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2021.01690
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- Funded: Catholic University of Daegu
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Abstract
PDF
- Background
Medical therapy is the standard treatment for uncomplicated acute type B aortic dissection (ATBAD), but there is little evidence of the need for intensive care unit (ICU) management. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of ICU treatment on uncomplicated ATBAD.
Methods
We retrospectively studied patients with uncomplicated ATBAD who were medically treated between January 2010 and July 2020. Patients were divided into long-term ICU stay (LIS) and short-term ICU stay (SIS) groups, according to a 48-hour cutoff of ICU stay duration. The incidence of pneumonia and delirium, rate of aortic events, hospital mortality, and survival rate were compared.
Results
Fifty-five patients were treated for uncomplicated ATBAD (n=26 for LIS and n=29 for SIS). The incidence of pneumonia (7.7% vs. 3.6%) and delirium (34.6% vs. 14.3%) was higher in the LIS group than in the SIS group, but the differences were not statistically significant. The survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were not different between the two groups (LIS: 96.2%, 88.0%, and 54.2% vs. SIS: 96.4%, 92.2%, and 75.5%, respectively; p=0.102). Multivariate Cox regression analysis for aortic events showed that using a calcium channel blocker lowered the risk of aortic events.
Conclusion
Long-term ICU treatment is unlikely to be necessary for the treatment of uncomplicated ATBAD. Active use of antihypertensive agents, such as calcium channel blockers, may be needed during the follow-up period.
Review articles
- Pediatric headache: a narrative review
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Saeyoon Kim
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):278-284. Published online September 14, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00528
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education
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5,336
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Abstract
PDF
- Headache is one of the most common neurological disorders in children and adults and can cause significant distress and disability in children and their families. The spectrum of pediatric headaches is broad, and the underlying etiology is variable. The symptoms and phenotypes of headaches in children may differ slightly from those in adults. It is important to have a good understanding of headaches in children and to distinguish between primary and secondary headaches through appropriate history assessment and neurological examination. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate drug selection are helpful for effective treatment. This article reviews headaches in children and adolescents, focusing on approaches for diagnosis and management.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Exploring downstream effects of gender roles in healthcare decision-making and relationships within systems: A cross-sectional analysis of openness to treatment in pediatric headache
Zoë Schefter, Allison M. Smith
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2024; 179: 111611. CrossRef - Occipital nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with refractory occipital neuralgia
James Mossner, Nour B. Saleh, Maryam N. Shahin, Joshua M. Rosenow, Jeffrey S. Raskin
Child's Nervous System.2024; 40(8): 2465. CrossRef - MRT bei kindlichen Kopfschmerzen
Rebecca Marie Anders, Christian Roth
Kinder- und Jugendmedizin.2024; 24(04): 296. CrossRef - An Evaluation of Previously Undiagnosed Childhood Primary Headache Cases Through Their EEG and MR Findings
Selcan Öztürk, Erdal Komut
The Journal of Pediatric Research.2024; : 129. CrossRef - The Photo- and Phonosensitivity Avoidance Behavior Scales: Evaluating Clinical Utility in Pediatric Primary Chronic Headache
Allison M. Smith, Megan N. Silvia, Hannah Rogan, Alyssa A. Lebel
Children.2024; 11(11): 1338. CrossRef - Multivariate prediction of long COVID headache in adolescents using gray matter structural MRI features
Minhoe Kim, Sunkyung Sim, Jaeseok Yang, Minchul Kim
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma oscillation as a new strategy for Alzheimer disease: a narrative review
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Haneol Ko, Sang-Pil Yoon
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):269-277. Published online February 14, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2021.01683
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- Funded: Jeju National University
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8,761
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Abstract
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- The amyloid hypothesis has been considered a major explanation of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. However, failure of phase III clinical trials with anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibodies reveals the need for other therapeutic approaches to treat Alzheimer disease. Compared to its relatively short history, optogenetics has developed considerably. The expression of microbial opsins in cells using genetic engineering allows specific control of cell signals or molecules. The application of optogenetics to Alzheimer disease research or clinical approaches is increasing. When applied with gamma entrainment, optogenetic neuromodulation can improve Alzheimer disease symptoms. Although safety problems exist with optogenetics such as the use of viral vectors, this technique has great potential for use in Alzheimer disease. In this paper, we review the historical applications of optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma entrainment to investigate the mechanisms involved in Alzheimer disease and potential therapeutic strategies.
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- Modulating Proteasome Function with Polyphenol Metabolites: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease
Nyerovwo Charity Okei
European Journal of Medical and Health Research.2024; 2(2): 16. CrossRef - A comprehensive review of optical fiber technologies in optogenetics and their prospective developments in future clinical therapies
Siyu Chen, Zhuo Wang, Kun Xiao, Benzhao He, Jing Zhao, Xin Yang, Qingqing Liu, Anuj K. Sharma, Arnaldo Leal Junior, Rui Min
Optics & Laser Technology.2024; 179: 111332. CrossRef - Non-Invasive Brain Sensing Technologies for Modulation of Neurological Disorders
Salman Alfihed, Majed Majrashi, Muhammad Ansary, Naif Alshamrani, Shahad H. Albrahim, Abdulrahman Alsolami, Hala A. Alamari, Adnan Zaman, Dhaifallah Almutairi, Abdulaziz Kurdi, Mai M. Alzaydi, Thamer Tabbakh, Faisal Al-Otaibi
Biosensors.2024; 14(7): 335. CrossRef - Daily Dynamics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Theta and Gamma Fluctuations Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Healthy Aging
Kenza Bennis, Francis Eustache, Fabienne Collette, Gilles Vandewalle, Thomas Hinault, Gali Weissberger
The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Exogenous AMPA downregulates gamma-frequency network oscillation in CA3 of rat hippocampal slices
Chengzhang Li, Zhenrong Li, Sihan Xu, Sanwei Jiang, Zhenli Ye, Bin Yu, Shixiang Gong, Junmei Li, Qilin Hu, Bingyan Feng, Mengmeng Wang, Chengbiao Lu
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Light-Controlled Modulation and Analysis of Neuronal Functions
Carlo Matera, Piotr Bregestovski
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(21): 12921. CrossRef
Case report
- Primary hepatic sarcoidosis presenting with cholestatic liver disease and mimicking primary biliary cholangitis: a case report
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Young Joo Park, Hyun Young Woo, Moon Bum Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Jeong Heo
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):256-261. Published online August 10, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01151
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- Funded: Pusan National University Hospital
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5,728
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Supplementary Material
- Sarcoidosis often involves the liver. However, primary hepatic sarcoidosis confined to the liver without evidence of systemic involvement is rare. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with hepatic sarcoidosis who initially presented with elevated liver enzymes and suspicious cirrhotic nodules on computed tomography. The patient had cirrhosis but did not have portal hypertension. Based on the initial histopathologic finding of chronic granulomatous inflammation and the common clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis, he was initially diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis, and his daily dosage of ursodeoxycholic acid was increased to 900 mg. After 14 months of treatment, his total serum bilirubin concentration was 10.9 mg/dL (upper normal limit, 1.2 mg/dL). Additionally, a transjugular liver biopsy revealed multiple noncaseating granulomas. He was diagnosed with primary hepatic sarcoidosis involving the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, and skin. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated. Two weeks later, he was started on azathioprine, and the dose of steroid was simultaneously reduced. These findings indicate the importance of including hepatic sarcoidosis as a possible diagnosis in patients with elevated liver enzymes or cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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- Liver biopsy as a useful diagnostic tool for hepatic sarcoidosis: A case report
Kenrei Uehara, Tatsuo Kanda, Shuhei Arima, Mai Totsuka, Masayuki Honda, Ryota Masuzaki, Reina Sasaki‑tanaka, Naoki Matsumoto, Masahiro Ogawa, Hirofumi Kogure
Medicine International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Navigating Challenges in a Case of Unusual Hepatic and Pulmonar Sarcoidosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Journey
André Gonçalves, Diogo Simas, Plácido Gomes, Carina Leal, Catarina Atalaia-Martins, Helena Vasconcelos
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; : 1. CrossRef - The clinical management of hepatic sarcoidosis: A systematic review
Ram Prasad Sinnanaidu, Vikneshwaran Chandra Kumar, Ranita Hisham Shunmugam, Sanjiv Mahadeva
JGH Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Sarcoidosis: A State-of-the-Art, Comprehensive Review of the Literature—Practical Clinical Insights and Many Unmet Needs on Diagnosis and Treatment
Salvatore Nicolosi, Maria Chernovsky, Darina Angoni, Michael Hughes, Giulia Bandini, Zsuzsanna McMahan, Marta Maggisano, Francesco Salton, Lucrezia Mondini, Mariangela Barbieri, Gianluca Screm, Marco Confalonieri, Elisa Baratella, Paola Confalonieri, Barb
Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(9): 1106. CrossRef - An Incidental Case of Sarcoidosis in a Young Male Patient Presenting With Symptomatic Chronic Cholecystitis
Kelsey A Clabby, Yelena Piazza, Vladimir Neychev
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Original article
- Assessment of normal anal sphincter anatomy using transanal ultrasonography in healthy Korean volunteers: a retrospective observational study
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Daeho Shon, Sohyun Kim, Sung Il Kang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):230-234. Published online December 2, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01515
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
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5,528
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- Background
To date, there have been no studies on the normal anatomic values of the anal sphincter in healthy Koreans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the normal anatomic values of transanal ultrasonography (TAUS).
Methods
The thickness of the external anal sphincter (EAS) and internal anal sphincter (IAS) was measured by TAUS from healthy Korean volunteers between September 2019 and August 2021.
Results
Thirty-six volunteers with a median age of 37 years (range, 20–77 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 23.5 kg/m2 (range, 17.2–31.2 kg/m2) were examined. The median thickness of the EAS at 4 cm and 2 cm from the anal verge was 7.4 mm (range, 5.8–8.8 mm) and 6.5 mm (range, 5.6–8.0 mm), respectively. The median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm (range, 0.8-4.3 mm). There were no differences in sphincter muscle thickness between the sexes. However, the EAS tended to thicken as the BMI increased (EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge, Spearman rho=0.433, 0.363; p=0.008 and p=0.029, respectively).
Conclusion
In healthy Korean, the median thickness of the IAS at 2 cm from the anal verge was 1.8 mm and the median thickness of the EAS at 2 cm and 4 cm from the anal verge was 6.5 mm and 7.4 mm respectively. There were no differences in anal sphincter thickness between sexes, but BMI was related to EAS thickness.
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Citations
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- Anal Sphincter Defect and Fecal Incontinence
Sherief Mansi, Karla Vaz, Neha R. Santucci, Khalil El-Chammas, Kahleb Graham, Nelson G. Rosen, Ajay Kaul
JPGN Reports.2022; 3(4): e254. CrossRef
Focused Review article
- Ultrasound-guided interventions for controlling the thoracic spine and chest wall pain: a narrative review
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Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang
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J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(3):190-199. Published online April 26, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00192
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- Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
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- Ultrasound-guided injection is useful for managing thoracic spine and chest wall pain. With ultrasound, pain physicians perform the injection with real-time viewing of major structures, such as the pleura, vasculature, and nerves. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided injection procedure not only prevents procedure-related adverse events but also increases the accuracy of the procedure. Here, ultrasound-guided interventions that could be applied for thoracic spine and chest wall pain were described. We presented ultrasound-guided thoracic facet joint and costotransverse joint injections and thoracic paravertebral, intercostal nerve, erector spinae plane, and pectoralis and serratus plane blocks. The indication, anatomy, Sonoanatomy, and technique for each procedure were also described. We believe that our article is helpful for clinicians to conduct ultrasound-guided injections for controlling thoracic spine and chest wall pain precisely and safely.
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Citations
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- Spine Pain
Vernon B. Williams
CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology.2024; 30(5): 1344. CrossRef - The blind spot and challenges in pain management
Min Cheol Chang
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2022; 39(3): 179. CrossRef