Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2021 during the last 3 months.

Review articles

Psychiatric understanding and treatment of patients with amputations: So-Hye Jo, Suk-Hun Kang, Wan-Seok Seo, Bon-Hoon Koo, Hye-Geum Kim, Seok-Ho Yun; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):194-201. Published online May 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.00990

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Amputation changes the lives of patients and their families. Consequently, the patient must adapt to altered body function and image. During this adaptation process, psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, can occur. The psychological difficulties of patients with amputation are often accepted as normal responses that are often poorly recognized by patients, family members, and their primary physicians. Psychological problems can interfere with rehabilitation and cause additional psychosocial problems. Therefore, their early detection and treatment are important. A multidisciplinary team approach, including mental health professionals, is ideal for comprehensive and biopsychosocial management. Mental health professionals could help patients set realistic goals and use adaptive coping styles. Psychiatric approaches should consider the physical, cognitive, psychological, social, and spiritual functions and social support systems before and after amputation. The abilities and limitations of physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functions should also be considered. To improve the patient’s adaptation, psychological interventions such as short-term psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness meditation, biofeedback, and group psychotherapy can be helpful.

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Effect of Increasing Assistance From a Powered Prosthesis on Weight-Bearing Symmetry, Effort, and Speed During Stand-Up in Individuals With Above-Knee Amputation
Grace R. Hunt, Sarah Hood, Lukas Gabert, Tommaso Lenzi
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.2023; 31: 11. CrossRef
The Effect of Motivational Interview-Based Counseling in Individuals With Amputation: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Turkey
Gülhan Küçük Öztürk, Nuray Şimşek
Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 48(5): 160. CrossRef
Psychosocial patient perspectives following major lower-limb amputation due to vascular aetiology: a protocol for a systematic meta-aggregation study
Sisse Heiden Laursen, Helle Lund Rasmussen, Dinnie Seidelin, Peter Hørslev Pedersen, Tanja Mortensen Chræmmer
BMJ Open.2023; 13(9): e076794. CrossRef
Quality of life following non-dysvascular lower limb amputation is contextualized through occupations: a qualitative study
Stephanie R. Cimino, Sander L. Hitzig, Vera Fung, Katie N. Dainty, Crystal MacKay, Joanna E. M. Sale, Amanda L. Mayo, Sara J. T. Guilcher
Disability and Rehabilitation.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Finger prosthesis: A novel way to restore the form, function, and esthetics
Nagaveni S. Somayaji, Pallawi Sinha, Jitendra Sharan, Jagadish Prasad Rajaguru, Anand Marya
Clinical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting amputation using machine learning: A systematic review
Patrick Fangping Yao, Yi David Diao, Eric P. McMullen, Marlin Manka, Jessica Murphy, Celina Lin, Noman Naseer
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0293684. CrossRef
Understanding Gangrene in the Context of Peripheral Vascular Disease: Prevalence, Etiology, and Considerations for Amputation-Level Determination
Abhilasha Bhargava, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Shivani Kshirsagar
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Current diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis: a narrative review: Chang Hoon Bae, Hyung Gyun Na, Yoon Seok Choi; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(2):81-88. Published online August 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01228

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Vertigo is the sensation of self-motion of the head or body when no self-motion is occurring or the sensation of distorted self-motion during an otherwise normal head movement. Representative peripheral vertigo disorders include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Ménière disease, and vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis, also known as vestibular neuronitis, is the third most common peripheral vestibular disorder after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Ménière disease. The cause of vestibular neuritis remains unclear. However, a viral infection of the vestibular nerve or ischemia of the anterior vestibular artery is known to cause vestibular neuritis. In addition, recent studies on immune-mediated mechanisms as the cause of vestibular neuritis have been reported. The characteristic clinical features of vestibular neuritis are abrupt true-whirling vertigo lasting for more than 24 hours, and no presence of cochlear symptoms and other neurological symptoms and signs. To accurately diagnose vestibular neuritis, various diagnostic tests such as the head impulse test, bithermal caloric test, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential test are conducted. Various treatments for vestibular neuritis have been reported, which are largely divided into symptomatic therapy, specific drug therapy, and vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Symptomatic therapies include generalized supportive care and administration of vestibular suppressants and antiemetics. Specific drug therapies include steroid therapy, antiviral therapy, and vasodilator therapy. Vestibular rehabilitation therapies include generalized vestibular and customized vestibular exercises.

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Vertigo in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Sanjana Devaragudi, Mohit Gupta
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Hospital Admission Profile Related to Inner Ear Diseases in England and Wales
Esra’ O. Taybeh, Abdallah Y. Naser
Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1457. CrossRef
Symptom of vertigo and dizziness in patients with COVID-19
E. V. Isakova
Russian neurological journal.2023; 28(4): 5. CrossRef
Acute vestibular neuritis: A rare complication after the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine
Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Parham Hazrati, Ebrahim Hazrati
Journal of NeuroVirology.2022; 28(4-6): 609. CrossRef
A Holistic Approach to a Dizzy Patient: A Practical Update
Ioannis Koukoulithras, Gianna Drousia, Spyridon Kolokotsios, Minas Plexousakis, Alexandra Stamouli, Charis Roussos, Eleana Xanthi
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of hub genes and pathophysiological mechanism related to acute unilateral vestibulopathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Yajing Cheng, Jianrong Zheng, Ying Zhan, Cong Liu, Bihua Lu, Jun Hu
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Classification of endometriosis: Soo-Young Lee, Yu-Jin Koo, Dae-Hyung Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(1):10-18. Published online August 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00444

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Endometriosis is a chronic disease associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Several classification systems for the severity of endometriosis have been proposed. Of these, the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification is the most well-known. The ENZIAN classification was developed to classify deep infiltrating endometriosis and focused on the retroperitoneal structures. The endometriosis fertility index was developed to predict the fertility outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for endometriosis. Finally, the American Association of Gynecological Laparoscopists classification is currently being developed, for which 30 endometriosis experts are analyzing and researching data by assigning scores to categories considered important; however, it has not yet been fully validated and published. Currently, none of the classification systems are considered the gold standard. In this article, we review the classification systems, identify their pros and cons, and discuss what improvements need to be made to each system in the future.

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Ultrasound Characteristics and Scanning Techniques of Uterosacral Ligaments for the Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Shae Maple, K Jane Chalmers, Eva Bezak, Katelyn Henry, Nayana Parange
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2023; 42(6): 1193. CrossRef
The Influence of Lactoferrin in Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid on Iron Metabolism in Women with Endometriosis
Ewa Skarżyńska, Monika Wróbel, Hanna Zborowska, Mateusz Franciszek Kołek, Grzegorz Mańka, Mariusz Kiecka, Michał Lipa, Damian Warzecha, Robert Spaczyński, Piotr Piekarski, Beata Banaszewska, Artur Jakimiuk, Tadeusz Issat, Wojciech Rokita, Jakub Młodawski,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(2): 1619. CrossRef
Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG4 Expression in Women with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study
Tomasz Szaflik, Hanna Romanowicz, Krzysztof Szyłło, Beata Smolarz
Genes.2023; 14(1): 152. CrossRef
Epidemiological and Immune Profile Analysis of Italian Subjects with Endometriosis and Multiple Sclerosis
Brunella Zizolfi, Virginia Foreste, Simona Bonavita, Valentina Rubino, Giuseppina Ruggiero, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Roberta Lanzillo, Antonio Carotenuto, Francesca Boscia, Maurizio Taglialatela, Maurizio Guida
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(5): 2043. CrossRef
Rectal endometriosis imaging: A case based pictorial essay
Garvit D. Khatri, Deepashri Basavalingu, Nitin Chaubal, Manjiri Dighe
WFUMB Ultrasound Open.2023; 1(1): 100002. CrossRef
KRAS mutations and endometriosis burden of disease
Natasha L Orr, Arianne Albert, Yang Doris Liu, Amy Lum, JooYoon Hong, Catalina L Ionescu, Janine Senz, Tayyebeh M Nazeran, Anna F Lee, Heather Noga, Kate Lawrenson, Catherine Allaire, Christina Williams, Mohamed A Bedaiwy, Michael S Anglesio, Paul J Yong
The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research.2023; 9(4): 302. CrossRef
The Clinical Presentation of Endometriosis and Its Association to Current Surgical Staging
Matilda Shaked Ashkenazi, Ole Linvåg Huseby, Gard Kroken, Marcela Trocha, Aurora Henriksson, Hanna Jasiak, Karen Cuartas, Alessandra Loschiavo, Isabella Kuhn, Dina Støve, Hanna Grindahl, Emilia Latour, Mathias Melbø, Katrine Holstad, Sebastian Kwiatkowski
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(7): 2688. CrossRef
Evaluation and management of endometriosis
T. Yoldemir
Climacteric.2023; 26(3): 248. CrossRef
COX isozymes and non-uniform neoangiogenesis: What is their role in endometriosis?
Andrea Caruana, Charles Savona-Ventura, Jean Calleja-Agius
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators.2023; 167: 106734. CrossRef
Time to move beyond surgical classification systems for endometriosis
María Isabel Hernández Cardona, Christana Ajewole, Hannah Lewis, Jorge F. Carrillo, Mario E. Castellanos, Stefanie Barish, Juan Diego Villegas Echeverri, Georgine Lamvu
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.2023; 163(1): 58. CrossRef
Antimüllerian hormone (AMH) and age as predictors of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) cycle outcomes and blastocyst quality on day 5 in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)
A. Arnanz, A. Bayram, I. Elkhatib, A. Abdala, A. El-Damen, R. Patel, B. Lawrenz, L. Melado, H. Fatemi, N. De Munck
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics.2023; 40(6): 1467. CrossRef
Association between polymorphisms of cytokine genes and endometriosis: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Shulin Zhong, Yuzhen Liang, Zhixi Wu, Li Wei
Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2023; 158: 103969. CrossRef
Psychological hallmarks of endometriosis with emphasis on sexual dysfunction, stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms
Ludek Fiala, Jiri Lenz, Zdenek Adamik, Rachel Sajdlova, Daniela Kestlerova, Vaclav Vetvicka
International Clinical Pathology Journal.2023; 10(1): 45. CrossRef
Detection of Endometriosis Lesions Using Gd-Based Collagen I Targeting Probe in Murine Models of Endometriosis
Nazanin Talebloo, Maria Ariadna Ochoa Bernal, Elizabeth Kenyon, Christiane L. Mallett, Asgerally Fazleabas, Anna Moore
Molecular Imaging and Biology.2023; 25(5): 833. CrossRef
Exosomal microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: as novel biomarkers for endometriosis
Elahe Soltani-Fard, Marzieh Asadi, Sina Taghvimi, Asma Vafadar, Parisa Vosough, Amir Tajbakhsh, Amir Savardashtaki
Cell and Tissue Research.2023; 394(1): 55. CrossRef
Use of the Free Endometriosis Risk Advisor App as a Non-Invasive Screening Test for Endometriosis in Patients with Chronic Pelvic Pain and/or Unexplained Infertility
Camran Nezhat, Ellie Armani, Hsuan-Chih Carolina Chen, Zahra Najmi, Steven R. Lindheim, Ceana Nezhat
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(16): 5234. CrossRef
Endometriosis: Classification, pathophysiology, and treatment options
Elma Pašalić, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 251: 154847. CrossRef
Endometriosis Grade 4 in In Vitro Fertilisation and Its Management: A Case Report
Abhijeet Raj, Kshiti P Deshpande, Neema Acharya
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Imaging of Urinary Bladder and Ureteral Endometriosis with Emphasis on Diagnosis and Technique
Anuradha S. Shenoy-Bhangle, Izabela Pires Franco, Lauren J. Ray, Jinjin Cao, Aoife Kilcoyne, Natally Horvat, Luciana Pardini Chamie
Academic Radiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Clinical and Reproductive Outcomes between Adenomyomectomy and Myomectomy
Kristyna Hlinecka, Michal Mara, Barbora Boudova, Zdenka Lisa, Adela Richtarova, David Kuzel
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology.2022; 29(3): 392. CrossRef
Evaluating Surgical Complexity of Endoscopic Hysterectomy: An Inter-rater and Intra-rater Agreement Study of Novel Scoring Tool
Meenal Misal, Marlene Girardo, Sadikah Behbehani, Vimee Bindra, Mark R. Hoffman, Wei How Lim, Courtney Martin, Sukrant K. Mehta, Alysha Nensi, Thiers Soares, Deborah Taylor, Steve Wagner, Kelly N. Wright, Megan N. Wasson
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology.2022; 29(5): 683. CrossRef
MRI in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Related Diseases
Aki Kido, Yuki Himoto, Yusaku Moribata, Yasuhisa Kurata, Yuji Nakamoto
Korean Journal of Radiology.2022; 23(4): 426. CrossRef
Role of Robotic Surgery in Benign Gynecology
Mireille D. Truong, Lauren N. Tholemeier
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America.2022; 49(2): 273. CrossRef
NLRP3 activated macrophages promote endometrial stromal cells migration in endometriosis
Feng Zhou, Fanxuan Zhao, Qianmeng Huang, Xiang Lin, Songying Zhang, Yongdong Dai
Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2022; 152: 103649. CrossRef
Endometriosis: A Disease with Few Direct Treatment Options
Patricia Ribeiro de Carvalho França, Anna Carolina Pereira Lontra, Patricia Dias Fernandes
Molecules.2022; 27(13): 4034. CrossRef
The Role of the Immune System in the Development of Endometriosis
Monika Abramiuk, Ewelina Grywalska, Paulina Małkowska, Olga Sierawska, Rafał Hrynkiewicz, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej
Cells.2022; 11(13): 2028. CrossRef
Transvaginal Ultrasound vs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Value in Endometriosis Diagnosis
Alexandra Baușic, Ciprian Coroleucă, Cătălin Coroleucă, Diana Comandașu, Roxana Matasariu, Andrei Manu, Francesca Frîncu, Claudia Mehedințu, Elvira Brătilă
Diagnostics.2022; 12(7): 1767. CrossRef
History of Endometriosis Is Independently Associated with an Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Antonio Sarría-Santamera, Zaukiya Khamitova, Arnur Gusmanov, Milan Terzic, Mar Polo-Santos, Miguel A. Ortega, Angel Asúnsolo
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(8): 1337. CrossRef
Surgical Classification of Endometriosis
João Nogueira Neto, Mauricio Simões Abrão, Eduardo Schor, Julio Cesar Rosa-e-Silva
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics.2022; 44(08): 737. CrossRef
Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) UCA1, MALAT1, TC0101441, and H19 Expression in Endometriosis
Tomasz Szaflik, Hanna Romanowicz, Krzysztof Szyłło, Radosław Kołaciński, Magdalena M. Michalska, Dariusz Samulak, Beata Smolarz
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(19): 11583. CrossRef
Colorectal infiltrating deep endometriosis: Laparoscopic treatment. A case report
Giuseppe Di Buono, Matilde Micheli, Gaia Russo, Roberta Vella, Giuseppe Amato, Girolamo Geraci, Antonino Agrusa
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Aged garlic extract as a potential prophylactic to reduce the progression of endometriosis and associated pain burden
Emily Redwood, Virginie Lam, Ryusuke Takechi, Deborah Anne Kerr, Connie Jackaman, Arazu Sharif, John Charles Louis Mamo
Frontiers in Pain Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Histotyping and grading of endometriosis and its association with clinico-pathological parameters
Jyothika Litson, Rini Agnes, Gayatri Ravikumar
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.2022; 42(8): 3628. CrossRef
Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid Fibronectin and Collagen IV Levels as Potential Biomarkers of Endometriosis
Damian Warzecha, Julia Załęcka, Grzegorz Mańka, Mariusz Kiecka, Michał Lipa, Robert Spaczyński, Piotr Piekarski, Beata Banaszewska, Artur Jakimiuk, Tadeusz Issat, Wojciech Rokita, Jakub Młodawski, Maria Szubert, Piotr Sieroszewski, Grzegorz Raba, Kamil Sz
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(24): 15669. CrossRef
Progestins in the symptomatic management of endometriosis: a meta-analysis on their effectiveness and safety
Jon-Benay Mitchell, Sarentha Chetty, Fatima Kathrada
BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of CDKN2B-AS1 on cellular proliferation, invasion and AKT3 expression are attenuated by miR-424-5p in a model of ovarian endometriosis
Sixue Wang, Mingyu Yi, Xinyue Zhang, Tingting Zhang, Li Jiang, Le Cao, Yuxin Zhou, Xiaoling Fang
Reproductive BioMedicine Online.2021; 42(6): 1057. CrossRef
Structured report for dynamic ultrasonography in patients with suspected or known endometriosis: Recommendations of the International Society for Gynecologic Endoscopy (ISGE)
Dusan Djokovic, Patrícia Pinto, Bruno J. van Herendael, Antonio Simone Laganà, Viju Thomas, Jörg Keckstein
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2021; 263: 252. CrossRef
Stigma and Endometriosis: A Brief Overview and Recommendations to Improve Psychosocial Well-Being and Diagnostic Delay
Omar T. Sims, Jhumka Gupta, Stacey A. Missmer, Irene O. Aninye
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(15): 8210. CrossRef
AAGL 2021 Endometriosis Classification: An Anatomy-based Surgical Complexity Score
Mauricio S. Abrao, Marina Paula Andres, Charles E. Miller, Julian A. Gingold, Mariona Rius, Joao Siufi Neto, Francisco Carmona
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology.2021; 28(11): 1941. CrossRef
Involvement of bradykinin and bradykinin B1 receptor in patients with endometriosis
Xin Meng, Ying Li, Qingxue Li, Jian Yang, Mingli An, Xinping Fu, Shuancheng Zhang, Jingwei Chen
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Long-term management of Graves disease: a narrative review: Hyo-Jeong Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):12-22. Published online November 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00444

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Graves disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for more than 90% of cases in Korea. Patients with GD are treated with any of the following: antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, or thyroidectomy. Most patients begin treatment with ATDs, and clinical guidelines suggest that the appropriate treatment period is 12 to 18 months. While RAI treatment and surgery manage thyrotoxicosis by destroying or removing thyroid tissue, ATDs control thyrotoxicosis by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and preserving the thyroid gland. Although ATDs efficiently control thyrotoxicosis symptoms, they do not correct the main etiology of GD; therefore, frequent relapses can follow. Recently, a large amount of data has been collected on long-term ATDs for GD, and low-dose methimazole (MMZ) is expected to be a good option for remission. For the long-term management of recurrent GD, it is important to induce remission by evaluating the patient’s drug response, stopping ATDs at an appropriate time, and actively switching to surgery or RAI therapy, if indicated. Continuing drug treatment for an extended time is now encouraged in patients with a high possibility of remission with low-dose MMZ. It is also important to pay attention to the quality of life of the patients. This review aimed to summarize the appropriate treatment methods and timing of treatment transition in patients who relapsed several times while receiving treatment for GD.

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Total Thyroidectomy – A Cost-effective Alternative to Anti-Thyroid Drugs in the Management of Grave's Disease
Erivelto Volpi, Leonardo M. Volpi
Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(5): 183. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity i Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody (TRAb) Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA)
Deborah J. W. Lee, Soon Kieng Phua, Yali Liang, Claire Chen, Tar-Choon Aw
Diagnostics.2023; 13(16): 2707. CrossRef
Mechanisms and Treatment Options for Hyperthyroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review
Robert M Branstetter, Rahib K Islam, Collin A Toups, Amanda N Parra, Zachary Lee, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Giustino Varrassi, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Focused Review article

The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review: Jiyoun Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):328-334. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731

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An aging population and changes in dietary habits have increased the incidence of diabetes, resulting in complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs can lead to serious disabilities, substantial reductions in patient quality of life, and high financial costs for society. By understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of DFUs, their occurrence can be prevented and managed more effectively. The pathophysiology of DFUs involves metabolic dysfunction, diabetic immunopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and angiopathy. The processes by which hyperglycemia causes peripheral nerve damage are related to adenosine triphosphate deficiency, the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity, and proinflammatory processes. In the context of hyperglycemia, the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production leads to microcirculation atherosclerosis, heightened inflammation, and abnormal intimal growth. Diabetic neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies. The interaction between these neuropathies forms a callus that leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage and skin ulcers. Hyperglycemia causes peripheral vascular changes that result in endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased vasodilator secretion, leading to ischemia. The interplay among these four preceding pathophysiological factors fosters the development and progression of infections in individuals with diabetes. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a chronic and progressive degenerative arthropathy characterized by heightened blood flow, increased calcium dissolution, and repeated minor trauma to insensate joints. Directly and comprehensively addressing the pathogenesis of DFUs could pave the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches with the potential to avoid the most serious complications, including major amputations.

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Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef

Review articles

Hepatic encephalopathy on magnetic resonance imaging and its uncertain differential diagnoses: a narrative review: Chun Geun Lim, Myong Hun Hahm, Hui Joong Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):136-145. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00689

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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric abnormality in patients with either acute or chronic liver failure. Typical brain magnetic resonance imaging findings of HE are bilateral basal ganglia high signal intensities due to manganese deposition in chronic liver disease and hyperintensity in T2, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with hemispheric white matter changes including the corticospinal tract. Low values on apparent diffusion coefficient mapping of the affected area on DWI, indicating cytotoxic edema, can be observed in acute HE. However, neuropsychological impairment in HE ranges from mild deficits in psychomotor abilities affecting quality of life to stupor or coma with higher grades of hepatic dysfunction. In particular, the long-lasting compensatory mechanisms for the altered metabolism in chronic liver disease make HE imaging results variable. Therefore, the clinical relevance of imaging findings is uncertain and differentiating HE from other metabolic diseases can be difficult. The recent introduction of concepts such as “acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF),” a new clinical entity, has led to a change in the clinical view of HE. Accordingly, there is a need to establish a corresponding concept in the field of neuroimaging diagnosis. Herein, we review HE from a historical and etiological perspective to increase understanding of brain imaging and help establish an imaging approach for advanced new concepts such as ACLF. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an understanding of HE by reviewing neuroimaging findings based on pathological and clinical concepts of HE, thereby assisting in neuroimaging interpretation.

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Rule out all differential causes before attributing cerebral bleeding to 5-aminolevulinic acid
Josef Finsterer, Sounira Mehri
Child's Nervous System.2023; 39(4): 847. CrossRef
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: clinical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging markers
P. I. Kuznetsova, A. A. Raskurazhev, S. N. Morozova, I. M. Lovchev, M. S. Novruzbekov, M. M. Tanashyan
Russian neurological journal.2023; 28(5): 21. CrossRef

Avulsion injuries: an update on radiologic findings: Changwon Choi, Sun Joo Lee, Hye Jung Choo, In Sook Lee, Sung Kwan Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):289-307. Published online August 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01102

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Avulsion injuries result from the application of a tensile force to a musculoskeletal unit or ligament. Although injuries tend to occur more commonly in skeletally immature populations due to the weakness of their apophysis, adults may also be subject to avulsion fractures, particularly those with osteoporotic bones. The most common sites of avulsion injuries in adolescents and children are apophyses of the pelvis and knee. In adults, avulsion injuries commonly occur within the tendon due to underlying degeneration or tendinosis. However, any location can be involved in avulsion injuries. Radiography is the first imaging modality to diagnose avulsion injury, although advanced imaging modalities are occasionally required to identify subtle lesions or to fully delineate the extent of the injury. Ultrasonography has a high spatial resolution with a dynamic assessment potential and allows the comparison of a bone avulsion with the opposite side. Computed tomography is more sensitive for depicting a tiny osseous fragment located adjacent to the expected attachment site of a ligament, tendon, or capsule. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the evaluation of soft tissue abnormalities, especially the affected muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Acute avulsion injuries usually manifest as avulsed bone fragments. In contrast, chronic injuries can easily mimic other disease processes, such as infections or neoplasms. Therefore, recognizing the vulnerable sites and characteristic imaging features of avulsion fractures would be helpful in ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management. To this end, familiarity with musculoskeletal anatomy and mechanism of injury is necessary.

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Isolated fracture of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus – a rare injury that requires surgical treatment
Miodrag Glisic, Vladan Stevanovic, Aleksandar Jevtic, Uros Jovicevic, Ivan Jankovic
Vojnosanitetski pregled.2023; 80(3): 279. CrossRef

Focused Review article

Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review: Jahyung Kim, Otgonsaikhan Nomkhondorj, Chi Young An, Ye Chan Choi, Jaeho Cho; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):335-342. Published online September 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00682

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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most serious complications of diabetes and are a source of reduced quality of life and financial burden for the people involved. For effective DFU management, an evidence-based treatment strategy that considers the patient's clinical context and wound condition is required. This treatment strategy should include conventional practices (surgical debridement, antibiotics, vascular assessment, offloading, and amputation) coordinated by interdisciplinary DFU experts. In addition, several adjuvant therapies can be considered for nonhealing wounds. In this narrative review, we aim to highlight the current trends in DFU management and review the up-to-date guidelines.

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Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef

Review articles

Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review: Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010

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Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

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Maternal intermittent fasting deteriorates offspring metabolism via suppression of hepatic mTORC1 signaling
Wenzhen Yin, Lijun Sun, Yuan Liang, Chao Luo, Tiange Feng, Yunhua Zhang, Weizhen Zhang, Yue Yin
The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Arturo P Jaramillo, Javier Castells, Sabina Ibrahimli, Luisa Jaramillo, Rebeca R Briones Andriuoli, Denisse Moncada, Jhoanny C Revilla
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Gallbladder polyps: evolving approach to the diagnosis and management: Kook Hyun Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(1):1-9. Published online May 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00213

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6 Citations

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Gallbladder (GB) polyp is a mucosal projection into the GB lumen. With increasing health awareness, GB polyps are frequently found using ultrasonography during health screening. The prevalence of GB polyps ranges between 1.3% and 9.5%. Most patients are asymptomatic and have benign characteristics. Of the nonneoplastic polyps, cholesterol polyps are most common, accounting for 60%–70% of lesions. However, a few polyps have malignant potential. Currently, the guidelines recommend laparoscopic cholecystectomy for polyps larger than 1 cm in diameter due to their malignan potential. The treatment algorithm can be influenced by the size, shape, and numbers of polyps, old age (>50 years), the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and gallstones. This review summarizes the commonly recognized concepts on GB polyps from diagnosis to an algorithm of treatment.

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder endoscopic mucosal resection: a pilot porcine study
Huifang Pang, Quan Man, Li Min, Zheng Zhang, Shengtao Zhu, Shuyue Yang, Yao Xu, Haijun Hou, Shutian Zhang, Peng Li
Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies.2023; 32(1): 24. CrossRef
The link between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: A review
Klay Puay Khim Lim, Aaron Jia Loong Lee, Xiuting Jiang, Thomas Zheng Jie Teng, Vishal G. Shelat
Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2023; 27(3): 241. CrossRef
The gallbladder: what’s new in 2022?
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Abdominal Radiology.2022; 48(1): 2. CrossRef
Gallbladder polyps: diagnosis and treatment tactics (literature review)
S. N. Perekhodov, D. V. Nikolaev, S. S. Saidov
Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH).2021; 11(4): 88. CrossRef
Is there a role for growth status in distinguishing gallbladder adenomas from cholesterol polyps? – A retrospective study based on 520 cholecystectomy patients
Wenqing Bao, Anan Xu, Shubin Ni, Bo Wang, Humaira Urmi, Bin Zhao, Yongmei You, Hai Hu
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Polyps and cancer of the biliary system (lecture for medical practitioners)
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Can antioxidants be effective therapeutics for type 2 diabetes?: Soyoung Park, So-Young Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(2):83-94. Published online October 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00563

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10 Citations

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The global obesity epidemic and the growing elderly population largely contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance acts as a critical link between the present obesity pandemic and type 2 diabetes. Naturally occurring reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate intracellular signaling and are kept in balance by the antioxidant system. However, the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant capacity causes ROS accumulation and induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress interrupts insulin-mediated intracellular signaling pathways, as supported by studies involving genetic modification of antioxidant enzymes in experimental rodents. In addition, a close association between oxidative stress and insulin resistance has been reported in numerous human studies. However, the controversial results with the use of antioxidants in type 2 diabetes raise the question of whether oxidative stress plays a critical role in insulin resistance. In this review article, we discuss the relevance of oxidative stress to insulin resistance based on genetically modified animal models and human trials.

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Effect of substitution of wheat flour with chickpea flour on their physico-chemical characteristics
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Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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M.Q. Al-Mssallem
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Aging, oxidative stress and degenerative diseases: mechanisms, complications and emerging therapeutic strategies
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Biogerontology.2023; 24(5): 609. CrossRef
Development and Characterization of Oxidatively Responsive Thiol–Ene Networks for Bone Graft Applications
Tyler Touchet, Samuel Briggs, Lance Graul, Duncan J. Maitland
ACS Applied Bio Materials.2022; 5(6): 2633. CrossRef
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Community-Dwelling Asian Population
Seung Min Chung, Jun Sung Moon, Min Cheol Chang
Frontiers in Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Prx4, Total Oxidant Status, and Inflammatory Factors with Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Mayadah Bashir Shehadeh, Ghadeer A. R. Y. Suaifan, Ala’ Mustafa Abu-Odeh
Molecules.2021; 26(14): 4333. CrossRef
An Epidemiological Study Report on the Antioxidant and Phenolic Content of Selected Mediterranean Functional Foods, Their Consumption Association with the Body Mass Index, and Consumers Purchasing Behavior in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults
Aikaterini Kandyliari, Ioannis-Nektarios Elmaliklis, Olga Kontopoulou, Marianna Tsafkopoulou, Georgios Komninos, Christina Ntzatha, Andreas Petsas, Haralabos C. Karantonis, Antonios E. Koutelidakis
Applied Sciences.2021; 11(17): 7818. CrossRef
Sterculia tragacantha Lindl Leaf Extract Ameliorates STZ-Induced Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Neuronal Impairment
Amos Sunday Onikanni, Bashir Lawal, Augustine O Olusola, Janet O Olugbodi, Saidu Sani, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Omotayo B Ilesanmi, Mohammed Alqarni, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Ahmad J Obaidullah, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Alexander TH Wu
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Methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 deficiency inhibits the development of diet-induced insulin resistance in mice
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Lactate: a multifunctional signaling molecule: Tae-Yoon Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(3):183-193. Published online February 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00892

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29 Citations

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Since its discovery in 1780, lactate has long been misunderstood as a waste by-product of anaerobic glycolysis with multiple deleterious effects. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, a paradigm shift began to occur. Increasing evidence indicates that lactate is a coordinator of whole-body metabolism. Lactate is not only a readily accessible fuel that is shuttled throughout the body but also a metabolic buffer that bridges glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation between cells and intracellular compartments. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells and tissues, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, accounting for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis.

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The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment
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Genes & Diseases.2023; 10(5): 2029. CrossRef
Lactate: a pearl dropped in the ocean—an overlooked signal molecule in physiology and pathology
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Cell Biology International.2023; 47(2): 295. CrossRef
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Salvatore Chirumbolo, Dario Bertossi, Pierre Magistretti
Biogerontology.2023; 24(5): 709. CrossRef
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Maria Szrejder, Marlena Typiak, Piotr Pikul, Irena Audzeyenka, Patrycja Rachubik, Dorota Rogacka, Magdalena Narajczyk, Agnieszka Piwkowska
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Utilization of delactosed whey permeate for the synthesis of ethyl acetate with Kluyveromyces marxianus
Andreas Hoffmann, Alexander Franz, Thomas Walther, Christian Löser
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Xinyu Lv, Yingying Lv, Xiaofeng Dai
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Case report

Thallium poisoning: a case report: Oscar Jimenez, Hector Cáceres, Luis Gimenez, Luciana Soto, Micaela Montenegro, Jhon Alexander Avila Rueda; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):311-314. Published online December 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00647

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Abstract PDF: Thallium poisoning is usually accidental. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman who was evaluated in June 2018 for myalgia, vertigo, asthenia, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed temporal-spatial disorientation, jaundice, and asterixis. The laboratory reported the following: bilirubin, 10.3 mg/dL; aspartate transaminase, 78 U/L; alanine transaminase, 194 U/L; albumin, 2.3 g/dL; prothrombin time, 40%; and platelet count, 60,000/mm3. Serology performed for hepatitis A, B, and C; Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; and human immunodeficiency virus was negative, and a collagenogram was negative. Physical reevaluation revealed alopecia on the scalp, armpits, and eyebrows; macules on the face; plantar hyperkeratosis; and ulcers on the lower limbs. Tests for lead, arsenic, copper, and mercury were carried out, which were normal; however, elevated urinary thallium (540 µg/g; range, 0.4–10 µg/g) was observed. The patient was treated with ᴅ-penicillamine 1,000 mg/day and recovered her urinary thallium levels were within normal range at annual follow-up. Thallium poisoning is extremely rare and can be fatal in small doses. An adequate clinical approach can facilitate early diagnosis.

Review article

Multidisciplinary approach to sarcopenia: a narrative review: Wook Tae Park, Oog-Jin Shon, Gi Beom Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):352-363. Published online September 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00724

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Abstract PDF: Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass and strength are decreased and muscle function is impaired. It is an indicator of frailty and loss of independence in older adults. It is also associated with increased physical disability, which increases the risk of falls. As a multifactorial disease, sarcopenia is caused by a combination of factors including aging, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia and identifying its different causes is critical to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, consequences, diagnostic methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to sarcopenia.

Original article

Clinical investigation on acute pyelonephritis without pyuria: a retrospective observational study: Hyung Keun Song, Dong Hyuk Shin, Ji Ung Na, Sang Kuk Han, Pil Cho Choi, Jang Hee Lee; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(1):39-45. Published online August 11, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01207

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Abstract PDF: Background
The current guidelines for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) recommend that APN be diagnosed based on the clinical features and the presence of pyuria. However, we observed that some of the patients who are diagnosed with APN do not have characteristic clinical features or pyuria at the initial examination. We performed this study to investigate the characteristics of APN without pyuria.
Methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 patients diagnosed with APN based on clinical and radiologic findings, between 2015 and 2019. The clinical features, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) findings were compared between patients with normal white blood cell (WBC) counts and those with abnormal WBC counts (WBC of 0–5/high power field [HPF] vs. >5/HPF) in urine.
Results
More than 50% of patients with APN had no typical urinary tract symptoms and one-third of them had no costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. Eighty-eight patients (22.5%) had normal WBC counts (0–5/HPF) on urine microscopy. There was a negative correlation between pyuria (WBC of >5/HPF) and previous antibiotic use (odds ratio, 0.249; 95% confidence interval, 0.140–0.441; p<0.001), and the probability of pyuria was reduced by 75.1% in patients who took antibiotics before visiting the emergency room.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of APN should not be overlooked even if there are no typical clinical features, or urine microscopic examination is normal. If a patient has already taken antibiotics at the time of diagnosis, imaging studies such as CT should be performed more actively, regardless of the urinalysis results.

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