Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2022 during the last 3 months.

Review article

Current diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis: a narrative review: Chang Hoon Bae, Hyung Gyun Na, Yoon Seok Choi; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(2):81-88. Published online August 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01228

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Vertigo is the sensation of self-motion of the head or body when no self-motion is occurring or the sensation of distorted self-motion during an otherwise normal head movement. Representative peripheral vertigo disorders include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Ménière disease, and vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis, also known as vestibular neuronitis, is the third most common peripheral vestibular disorder after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Ménière disease. The cause of vestibular neuritis remains unclear. However, a viral infection of the vestibular nerve or ischemia of the anterior vestibular artery is known to cause vestibular neuritis. In addition, recent studies on immune-mediated mechanisms as the cause of vestibular neuritis have been reported. The characteristic clinical features of vestibular neuritis are abrupt true-whirling vertigo lasting for more than 24 hours, and no presence of cochlear symptoms and other neurological symptoms and signs. To accurately diagnose vestibular neuritis, various diagnostic tests such as the head impulse test, bithermal caloric test, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential test are conducted. Various treatments for vestibular neuritis have been reported, which are largely divided into symptomatic therapy, specific drug therapy, and vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Symptomatic therapies include generalized supportive care and administration of vestibular suppressants and antiemetics. Specific drug therapies include steroid therapy, antiviral therapy, and vasodilator therapy. Vestibular rehabilitation therapies include generalized vestibular and customized vestibular exercises.

Citations

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Vestibular function is associated with immune inflammatory response
Zhaohui Song, Yuchuan Ding, Nathan Sim, Ho Jun Yun, Jing Feng, Pan Gu, Xiaokun Geng
Reviews in the Neurosciences.2024; 35(3): 293. CrossRef
Prevalence of Scarpa’s ganglion enhancement on high-resolution MRI imaging
Clayton Siminski, John C Benson, Matthew L Carlson, John I Lane
The Neuroradiology Journal.2024; 37(3): 332. CrossRef
Vestibular rehabilitation for peripheral vestibular hypofunction: an interdisciplinary consensus
N.L. Kunelskay, G.E. Ivanova, E.V. Baybakova, A.L. Guseva, V.A. Parfenov, M.V. Zamergrad, O.V. Zaitseva, O.A. Melnikov, A.A. Shmonin, M.N. Maltseva
Vestnik otorinolaringologii.2024; 89(1): 52. CrossRef
A Review of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Its Implications for Vestibular Disorders
Richard Baron, Kristen K. Steenerson
Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2024; 26(6): 203. CrossRef
Evolution of Hyperventilation-Induced Nystagmus in Acute Unilateral Vestibulopathy—Interpretative Model and Etiopathogenetic Hypotheses
Francesco Frati, Alessandra D’Orazio, Valeria Gambacorta, Giacomo Ciacca, Giampietro Ricci, Mario Faralli
Audiology Research.2024; 14(3): 442. CrossRef
Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on vertigo and hearing impairment: A post-recovery analysis
Sarah Alshehri, Khalid A. Alahmari
Medicine.2024; 103(27): e38819. CrossRef
Vertigo in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report
Sanjana Devaragudi, Mohit Gupta
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Hospital Admission Profile Related to Inner Ear Diseases in England and Wales
Esra’ O. Taybeh, Abdallah Y. Naser
Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1457. CrossRef
Symptom of vertigo and dizziness in patients with COVID-19
E. V. Isakova
Russian neurological journal.2023; 28(4): 5. CrossRef
VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS: A CLINICAL EXAMPLE OF THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE USING BIOFEEDBACK (BOS)
Geraskina M.M., Razzhivina K.S., Ustinov S.A.
"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse".2023; : 30. CrossRef
Acute vestibular neuritis: A rare complication after the adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccine
Hamze Shahali, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Parham Hazrati, Ebrahim Hazrati
Journal of NeuroVirology.2022; 28(4-6): 609. CrossRef
A Holistic Approach to a Dizzy Patient: A Practical Update
Ioannis Koukoulithras, Gianna Drousia, Spyridon Kolokotsios, Minas Plexousakis, Alexandra Stamouli, Charis Roussos, Eleana Xanthi
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of hub genes and pathophysiological mechanism related to acute unilateral vestibulopathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Yajing Cheng, Jianrong Zheng, Ying Zhan, Cong Liu, Bihua Lu, Jun Hu
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Focused Review article

The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review: Jiyoun Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):328-334. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731

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Abstract PDF

An aging population and changes in dietary habits have increased the incidence of diabetes, resulting in complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs can lead to serious disabilities, substantial reductions in patient quality of life, and high financial costs for society. By understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of DFUs, their occurrence can be prevented and managed more effectively. The pathophysiology of DFUs involves metabolic dysfunction, diabetic immunopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and angiopathy. The processes by which hyperglycemia causes peripheral nerve damage are related to adenosine triphosphate deficiency, the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity, and proinflammatory processes. In the context of hyperglycemia, the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production leads to microcirculation atherosclerosis, heightened inflammation, and abnormal intimal growth. Diabetic neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies. The interaction between these neuropathies forms a callus that leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage and skin ulcers. Hyperglycemia causes peripheral vascular changes that result in endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased vasodilator secretion, leading to ischemia. The interplay among these four preceding pathophysiological factors fosters the development and progression of infections in individuals with diabetes. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a chronic and progressive degenerative arthropathy characterized by heightened blood flow, increased calcium dissolution, and repeated minor trauma to insensate joints. Directly and comprehensively addressing the pathogenesis of DFUs could pave the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches with the potential to avoid the most serious complications, including major amputations.

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Diabetic foot – prevention and control challenges
Vitorino Modesto dos Santos, Taciana Arruda Modesto Sugai, Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos
Belize Journal of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment of Morganella morganii-Associated Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcer With Vaporous Hyperoxia Therapy: A Case Report
Afrah S Abedi, Jacob L McElroy, Vladimir Valencia, Rachel M Worcester, Zhi J Yu
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrated genetic analysis of diabetic complications: Bioinformatics insights into foot ulcers, neuropathy and peripheral artery disease
Jiaru Liang, Xiaoyang Gong, Xuyang Hu, Chong You, Jiaqi Zhou, Yuling Gao, Junwei Zong, Yong Liu
International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef

Case report

Transient osteoporosis of the hip with a femoral neck fracture during follow-up: a case report: Yusuke Tabata, Shuhei Matsui, Masabumi Miyamoto, Koichiro Omori, Yoichiro Tabata, Tokifumi Majima; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(2):212-217. Published online September 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00479

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Abstract PDF

We report a case of transient osteoporosis of the hip with a femoral neck fracture found during follow-up. A 53-year-old man presented with left hip pain without trauma. The pain did not improve after 2 weeks and he was brought to our hospital by ambulance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left hip joint showed diffuse edema in the bone marrow, which was identified by low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and increased signal intensity on short tau inversion recovery. This edema extended from the femoral head and neck to the intertrochanteric area. He was diagnosed with transient osteoporosis of the left hip. Rest gradually improved his pain; however, 3 weeks later, his left hip pain worsened without trauma. X-ray, computed tomography, and MRI results of the hip joint demonstrated a left femoral neck fracture, and osteosynthesis was performed. Differential diagnoses included avascular necrosis of the femoral head, infection, complex regional pain syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, leukemia, and other cancers. Transient osteoporosis of the hip generally has a good prognosis with spontaneous remission within a few months to 1 year. However, a sufficient length of follow-up from condition onset to full recovery is necessary to avoid all probable complications such as fractures.

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Hip effusion/synovitis influences results after multiple drilling core decompression for bone marrow edema syndrome of hip
Hua-zhang Xiong, Yan-li Peng, Yu-hong Deng, Ying Jin, Ming-hong Tu, Shu-hong Wu
BMC Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review articles

Optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma oscillation as a new strategy for Alzheimer disease: a narrative review: Haneol Ko, Sang-Pil Yoon; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(4):269-277. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2021.01683

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Abstract PDF

The amyloid hypothesis has been considered a major explanation of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. However, failure of phase III clinical trials with anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibodies reveals the need for other therapeutic approaches to treat Alzheimer disease. Compared to its relatively short history, optogenetics has developed considerably. The expression of microbial opsins in cells using genetic engineering allows specific control of cell signals or molecules. The application of optogenetics to Alzheimer disease research or clinical approaches is increasing. When applied with gamma entrainment, optogenetic neuromodulation can improve Alzheimer disease symptoms. Although safety problems exist with optogenetics such as the use of viral vectors, this technique has great potential for use in Alzheimer disease. In this paper, we review the historical applications of optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma entrainment to investigate the mechanisms involved in Alzheimer disease and potential therapeutic strategies.

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Modulating Proteasome Function with Polyphenol Metabolites: A Promising Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer's Disease
Nyerovwo Charity Okei
European Journal of Medical and Health Research.2024; 2(2): 16. CrossRef
A comprehensive review of optical fiber technologies in optogenetics and their prospective developments in future clinical therapies
Siyu Chen, Zhuo Wang, Kun Xiao, Benzhao He, Jing Zhao, Xin Yang, Qingqing Liu, Anuj K. Sharma, Arnaldo Leal Junior, Rui Min
Optics & Laser Technology.2024; 179: 111332. CrossRef
Exogenous AMPA downregulates gamma-frequency network oscillation in CA3 of rat hippocampal slices
Chengzhang Li, Zhenrong Li, Sihan Xu, Sanwei Jiang, Zhenli Ye, Bin Yu, Shixiang Gong, Junmei Li, Qilin Hu, Bingyan Feng, Mengmeng Wang, Chengbiao Lu
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Light-Controlled Modulation and Analysis of Neuronal Functions
Carlo Matera, Piotr Bregestovski
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(21): 12921. CrossRef

Breakthrough pain and rapid-onset opioids in patients with cancer pain: a narrative review: Jinseok Yeo; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):22-29. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00367

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Abstract PDF: Breakthrough pain is transitory pain that occurs despite the use of opioids for background pain control. Breakthrough pain occurs in 40% to 80% of patients with cancer pain. Despite effective analgesic therapy, patients and their caregivers often feel that their pain is not sufficiently controlled. Therefore, an improved understanding of breakthrough pain and its management is essential for all physicians caring for patients with cancer. This article reviews the definition, clinical manifestations, accurate diagnostic strategies, and optimal treatment options for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer. This review focuses on the efficacy and safety of rapid-onset opioids, which are the primary rescue drugs for breakthrough pain.

Resident fellow section: Clinical vignette

Differential diagnosis for unusually dilated coronary sinus and right coronary artery incidentally found on echocardiography: Byeng-Ju Son, Hojeong Kim, Jong-Ho Nam; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):461-465. Published online October 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00906

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Review article

Long-term management of Graves disease: a narrative review: Hyo-Jeong Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):12-22. Published online November 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00444

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Abstract PDF

Graves disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for more than 90% of cases in Korea. Patients with GD are treated with any of the following: antithyroid drugs (ATDs), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, or thyroidectomy. Most patients begin treatment with ATDs, and clinical guidelines suggest that the appropriate treatment period is 12 to 18 months. While RAI treatment and surgery manage thyrotoxicosis by destroying or removing thyroid tissue, ATDs control thyrotoxicosis by inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and preserving the thyroid gland. Although ATDs efficiently control thyrotoxicosis symptoms, they do not correct the main etiology of GD; therefore, frequent relapses can follow. Recently, a large amount of data has been collected on long-term ATDs for GD, and low-dose methimazole (MMZ) is expected to be a good option for remission. For the long-term management of recurrent GD, it is important to induce remission by evaluating the patient’s drug response, stopping ATDs at an appropriate time, and actively switching to surgery or RAI therapy, if indicated. Continuing drug treatment for an extended time is now encouraged in patients with a high possibility of remission with low-dose MMZ. It is also important to pay attention to the quality of life of the patients. This review aimed to summarize the appropriate treatment methods and timing of treatment transition in patients who relapsed several times while receiving treatment for GD.

Citations

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Commentary: Azathioprine as an adjuvant therapy in severe Graves’ disease: a randomized controlled open-label clinical trial
Madhukar Mittal, Azher Rizvi
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Total Thyroidectomy – A Cost-effective Alternative to Anti-Thyroid Drugs in the Management of Grave's Disease
Erivelto Volpi, Leonardo M. Volpi
Clinical Thyroidology.2023; 35(5): 183. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Abbott Alinity i Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Antibody (TRAb) Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA)
Deborah J. W. Lee, Soon Kieng Phua, Yali Liang, Claire Chen, Tar-Choon Aw
Diagnostics.2023; 13(16): 2707. CrossRef
Mechanisms and Treatment Options for Hyperthyroid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review
Robert M Branstetter, Rahib K Islam, Collin A Toups, Amanda N Parra, Zachary Lee, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Giustino Varrassi, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D Kaye
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Focused Review article

Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review: Jahyung Kim, Otgonsaikhan Nomkhondorj, Chi Young An, Ye Chan Choi, Jaeho Cho; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):335-342. Published online September 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00682

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Abstract PDF

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are among the most serious complications of diabetes and are a source of reduced quality of life and financial burden for the people involved. For effective DFU management, an evidence-based treatment strategy that considers the patient's clinical context and wound condition is required. This treatment strategy should include conventional practices (surgical debridement, antibiotics, vascular assessment, offloading, and amputation) coordinated by interdisciplinary DFU experts. In addition, several adjuvant therapies can be considered for nonhealing wounds. In this narrative review, we aim to highlight the current trends in DFU management and review the up-to-date guidelines.

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Kick-Starting Wound Healing: A Review of Pro-Healing Drugs
Bethany L. Patenall, Kristyn A. Carter, Matthew R. Ramsey
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 1304. CrossRef
Sequence analysis of microbiota in clinical human cases with diabetic foot ulcers from China
Ying Li, Li Zhang, Meifang He, Yuebin Zhao
Heliyon.2024; 10(14): e34368. CrossRef
The future of diabetic wound healing: unveiling the potential of mesenchymal stem cell and exosomes therapy
Sara Memarpour
American Journal of Stem Cells.2024; 13(2): 87. CrossRef
Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef

Original article

Association between fatty liver disease and hearing impairment in Korean adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study: Da Jung Jung; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):402-411. Published online June 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00304

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Abstract PDF

Background
We hypothesized that fatty liver disease (FLD) is associated with a high prevalence of hearing loss (HL) owing to metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the association between FLD and HL in a large sample of the Korean population.
Methods
We used a dataset of adults who underwent routine voluntary health checkups (n=21,316). Fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated using Bedogni’s equation. The patients were divided into two groups: the non-FLD (NFLD) group (n=18,518, FLI <60) and the FLD group (n=2,798, FLI ≥60). Hearing thresholds were measured using an automatic audiometer. The average hearing threshold (AHT) was calculated as the pure-tone average at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). HL was defined as an AHT of >40 dB.
Results
HL was observed in 1,370 (7.4%) and 238 patients (8.5%) in the NFLD and FLD groups, respectively (p=0.041). Compared with the NFLD group, the odds ratio for HL in the FLD group was 1.16 (p=0.040) and 1.46 (p<0.001) in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. Linear regression analyses revealed that FLI was positively associated with AHT in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Analyses using a propensity score-matched cohort showed trends similar to those using the total cohort.
Conclusion
FLD and FLI were associated with poor hearing thresholds and HL. Therefore, active monitoring of hearing impairment in patients with FLD may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of HL in the general population.

Citations

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The inflammatory and metabolic status of patients with sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss
Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Kelly Abdo Peron, Tracy Lima Tavares Soeiro, Marina Cançado Passarelli Scott, Flávia Tatiana Pedrolo Hortense, Michelly Damasceno da Silva, Carolina Nunes França, Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Norma de
Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Review article

Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting: a narrative review: Dae-Kyu Song, Yong-Woon Kim; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(1):4-11. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00010

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Abstract PDF

Caloric restriction is a popular approach to treat obesity and its associated chronic illnesses but is difficult to maintain for a long time. Intermittent fasting is an alternative and easily applicable dietary intervention for caloric restriction. Moreover, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects equivalent to those of caloric restriction in terms of body weight control, improvements in glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the beneficial effects of intermittent fasting are discussed.

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Intermittent fasting and longevity: From animal models to implication for humans
Olha Strilbytska, Svitlana Klishch, Kenneth B. Storey, Alexander Koliada, Oleh Lushchak
Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 96: 102274. CrossRef
Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females
Purwo Sri Rejeki, Adi Pranoto, Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja, Dita Mega Utami, Nabilah Izzatunnisa, Sugiharto, Ronny Lesmana, Shariff Halim
Sports.2024; 12(5): 116. CrossRef
Effect of Intermittent Fasting Interventions for Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults – A Systematic Review
Teena Lal, S. J. Ajeet Arulkumar, S. Roopa
Acta Medica International.2024; 11(1): 7. CrossRef
Intermittent fasting influences immunity and metabolism
Daniel M. Marko, Meghan O. Conn, Jonathan D. Schertzer
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Intermittent Fasting Improves Social Interaction and Decreases Inflammatory Markers in Cortex and Hippocampus
Martín García-Juárez, Adamary García-Rodríguez, Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo, Orlando Flores-Maldonado, Miguel Becerril-Garcia, Lourdes Garza-Ocañas, Ivan Torre-Villalvazo, Alberto Camacho-Morales
Molecular Neurobiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Intermittent Fasting and Dietary Restriction on Redox State, Energetic Metabolism, and Liver Injury in Common Bile Duct Ligation Model
Dmitry S. Semenovich, Ljubava D. Zorova, Polina A. Abramicheva, Nadezda V. Andrianova, Andrey V. Elchaninov, Aleksandra S. Petrukhina, Irina B. Pevzner, Vasily N. Manskikh, Dmitry B. Zorov, Egor Y. Plotnikov
Antioxidants.2024; 13(7): 835. CrossRef
DOSE: a lifestyle philosophy for dementia prevention informed by drug development and epidemiology
Timothy Daly
Dementia & Neuropsychologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Maternal intermittent fasting deteriorates offspring metabolism via suppression of hepatic mTORC1 signaling
Wenzhen Yin, Lijun Sun, Yuan Liang, Chao Luo, Tiange Feng, Yunhua Zhang, Weizhen Zhang, Yue Yin
The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Time-Restricted Feeding and Intermittent Fasting as Preventive Therapeutics: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Arturo P Jaramillo, Javier Castells, Sabina Ibrahimli, Luisa Jaramillo, Rebeca R Briones Andriuoli, Denisse Moncada, Jhoanny C Revilla
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Case report

Thallium poisoning: a case report: Oscar Jimenez, Hector Cáceres, Luis Gimenez, Luciana Soto, Micaela Montenegro, Jhon Alexander Avila Rueda; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):311-314. Published online December 15, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00647

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Abstract PDF

Thallium poisoning is usually accidental. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman who was evaluated in June 2018 for myalgia, vertigo, asthenia, and abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed temporal-spatial disorientation, jaundice, and asterixis. The laboratory reported the following: bilirubin, 10.3 mg/dL; aspartate transaminase, 78 U/L; alanine transaminase, 194 U/L; albumin, 2.3 g/dL; prothrombin time, 40%; and platelet count, 60,000/mm3. Serology performed for hepatitis A, B, and C; Epstein-Barr virus; cytomegalovirus; and human immunodeficiency virus was negative, and a collagenogram was negative. Physical reevaluation revealed alopecia on the scalp, armpits, and eyebrows; macules on the face; plantar hyperkeratosis; and ulcers on the lower limbs. Tests for lead, arsenic, copper, and mercury were carried out, which were normal; however, elevated urinary thallium (540 µg/g; range, 0.4–10 µg/g) was observed. The patient was treated with ᴅ-penicillamine 1,000 mg/day and recovered her urinary thallium levels were within normal range at annual follow-up. Thallium poisoning is extremely rare and can be fatal in small doses. An adequate clinical approach can facilitate early diagnosis.

Citations

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Іmprovement of the differential diagnostics of acute oral and inhalation poisoning by thalium compounds, pathohistology and treatment strategy (based on group cases)
G.M. Balan, B.S. Sheyman, P.G. Zhminko, D.O. Dziuba, O.N. Rozhkova, N.V. Kurdil, A.H. Kudriavtseva, V.S. Lisovska, N.P. Chermnykh
Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects.2023; 95(2): 66. CrossRef

Review article

Comprehensive overview of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury: a narrative review: Min-Ji Kim, Chang Joo Oh, Chang-Won Hong, Jae-Han Jeon; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):61-73. Published online February 14, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01347

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Abstract PDF: Acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a life-threatening condition that predisposes individuals to chronic kidney disease. Since the kidney is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the human body and mitochondria are the powerhouse of cells, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IR-induced acute kidney injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes a reduction in adenosine triphosphate production, loss of mitochondrial dynamics (represented by persistent fragmentation), and impaired mitophagy. Furthermore, the pathological accumulation of succinate resulting from fumarate reduction under oxygen deprivation (ischemia) in the reverse flux of the Krebs cycle can eventually lead to a burst of reactive oxygen species driven by reverse electron transfer during the reperfusion phase. Accumulating evidence indicates that improving mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and dynamics, and normalizing metabolic reprogramming within the mitochondria have the potential to preserve kidney function during IR injury and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the detrimental role of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in IR injury and explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating kidney IR injury.

Original articles

Increase in blood glucose level and incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a retrospective cross-sectional study: Mi Seon Lee, Rosie Lee, Cheol Woo Ko, Jung Eun Moon; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(1):46-52. Published online August 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01221

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Abstract PDF

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area in 2020 has caused difficulties in the daily life and hospital care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We detected an increase in blood sugar levels in these children and the number of patients hospitalized with more severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) compared to those before COVID-19.
Methods
This single-center study was conducted at Kyungpook National University Children’s Hospital. The following patient groups were included; 45 returning patients diagnosed with T1DM and undergoing insulin treatment for more than 2 years and 20 patients newly diagnosed with T1DM before and after COVID-19 were selected by age matching. Returning patients before and after the outbreak were selected, and changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were retrospectively reviewed. The HbA1c levels and severity of symptoms in newly diagnosed patients during hospitalization were examined.
Results
HbA1c levels in returning patients with T1DM were significantly increased after COVID-19 (before, 7.70%±1.38% vs. after, 8.30%±2.05%; p=0.012). There were 10 and 10 newly diagnosed patients before and after COVID-19, respectively. The proportion of patients with drowsiness and dyspnea at the time of admission was higher after COVID-19 than before (before, 2 of 10 vs. after, 4 of 10). The HbA1c levels were higher in newly diagnosed patients hospitalized after COVID-19 than before (before, 11.15% vs. after, 13.60%; p=0.036).
Conclusion
Due to COVID-19 in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area, there was an increase in blood glucose levels in children with T1DM and in the incidence of severe DKA in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients.

Citations

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Incidences of newly diagnosed childhood diabetes and onset severity: a multicenter regional study in Thailand over two decades and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Pattharaporn Sinthuprasith, Karn Wejaphikul, Dolrutai Puttawong, Hataitip Tang-Ngam, Naphatsorn Sanrattana, Kevalee Unachak, Prapai Dejkhamron
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Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes
Anas Elgenidy, Ahmed K. Awad, Khaled Saad, Mostafa Atef, Hatem Helmy El-Leithy, Ahmed A. Obiedallah, Emad M. Hammad, Faisal-Alkhateeb Ahmad, Ahmad M. Ali, Hamad Ghaleb Dailah, Amira Elhoufey, Samaher Fathy Taha
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Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Clemens Kamrath, Alexander J. Eckert, Reinhard W. Holl, Joachim Rosenbauer, Andrea Scaramuzza
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Valeria Calcaterra, Veronica Maria Tagi, Raffaella De Santis, Andrea Biuso, Silvia Taranto, Enza D’Auria, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(16): 5248. CrossRef
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Effect of pitavastatin on erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content in patients with chronic kidney disease: two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial: Minna Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Su Mi Lee, Won Suk An; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):188-195. Published online May 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00094

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
Statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is a reported side effect of statin treatment, some studies have indicated that pitavastatin does not cause DM. The present study investigated the effect of pitavastatin on the fatty acid (FA) content of erythrocyte membranes, which affects the occurrence of DM and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, changes in adiponectin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were evaluated after pitavastatin treatment.
Methods
A total of 45 patients were enrolled, 28 of whom completed the study. Over 24 weeks, 16 patients received 2 mg pitavastatin and 12 patients received 10 mg atorvastatin. Dosages were adjusted after 12 weeks if additional lipid control was required. There were 10 and nine patients with DM in the pitavastatin and atorvastatin groups, respectively. Erythrocyte membrane FAs and adiponectin levels were measured using gas chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.
Results
In both groups, saturated FAs, palmitic acid, trans-oleic acid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those at baseline. The arachidonic acid (AA) content in the erythrocyte membrane increased significantly in the pitavastatin group, but adiponectin levels were unaffected. HbA1c levels decreased in patients treated with pitavastatin. No adverse effects were associated with statin treatment.
Conclusion
Pitavastatin treatment in patients with CKD may improve glucose metabolism by altering erythrocyte membrane AA levels. In addition, pitavastatin did not adversely affect glucose control in patients with CKD and DM.

Review article

Ultrasound imaging and guidance in the management of myofascial pain syndrome: a narrative review: Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(3):179-187. Published online June 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00416

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Abstract PDF: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by muscle pain, tenderness, and trigger points. Ultrasonography has emerged as a key tool for diagnosing and treating MPS owing to its ability to provide precise, minimally invasive guidance. This review discusses the use of ultrasonography in various approaches to evaluate and manage MPS. Studies have shown that shear-wave sonoelastography can effectively assess muscle elasticity and offer insights into trapezius stiffness in patients with MPS. Ultrasound-guided interfascial hydrodissection, especially with visual feedback, has demonstrated effectiveness in treating trapezius MPS. Similarly, ultrasound-guided rhomboid interfascial plane blocks and perimysium dissection for posterior shoulder MPS have significantly reduced pain and improved quality of life. The combination of extracorporeal shockwave therapy with ultrasound-guided lidocaine injections has been particularly successful in reducing pain and stiffness in trapezius MPS. Research regarding various guided injections, including dry needling, interfascial plane blocks, and fascial hydrodissection, emphasizes the importance of ultrasonography for accuracy and safety. Additionally, ultrasound-guided delivery of local anesthetics and steroids to the quadratus lumborum muscle has shown lasting pain relief over a 6-month period. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of ultrasonography in the assessment and treatment of MPS.

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