Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Original Articles

Role of urine osmolality as a predictor of the effectiveness of combined imipramine and desmopressin in the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.: Kwon Soo Lee, Jun Bo Chang, Jae Yoon Jang, Young Hwii Ko, Yong Hoon Park, Phil Hyun Song; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2015;32(2):85-89. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.85

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BACKGROUND
We examined the usefulness of urine osmolality, as a predictive factor in the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NE) with combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin. METHODS: From May 2014 to April 2015, 59 monosymptomatic NE patients participated in this study. Early morning urine osmolality was measured at 1 week and 1 day before combination therapy of imipramine and desmopressin, and at 1 week and 2 weeks after therapy. The response to combination therapy was evaluated at 3 months after treatment. The mean period of combination therapy was 6.4+/-4.2 weeks. Therapeutic response was classified as complete (0-1 wet night/week), partial (over 50% reduction of night) and non-responders (less than 50% reduction of night). RESULTS: The cumulative rate of the complete and partial responders was 76.3%. Among the 3 groups, the statistically lowest value of pre-treatment urine osmolality was observed in the complete responder group (p<0.001). Urine osmolality increased in all groups after treatment, however, statistically the greatest difference between pre and post-treatment urine osmolality was observed in the complete responder group (p=0.024). No serious side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Early morning urine osmolality and change of urine osmolality between pre and post-treatment have predictive values in the response to combined imipramine and desmopressin for treatment of monosymptomatic NE.

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First-morning urine osmolality changes in children with nocturnal enuresis at the end of treatment
Yun ha Lee, Jae Min Chung, Sang Don Lee
Childhood Kidney Diseases.2024; 28(1): 27. CrossRef

Estimation of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Clubs Based on Urinary Cotinine Levels.: Yu Jin Lee, Young Ji Lee, Man Joong Jeon, Joon Sakong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2011;28(1):45-53. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2011.28.1.45

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of young people go to clubs. In Korea, however, no studies have been conducted regarding the exposure of club patrons to secondhand smoke. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degree of club customers' exposure to secondhand smoke. METHODS: The study subjects included 10 male and 12 female non-smokers. The investigational site was a club located in Daegu. Urine samples were collected before exposure to secondhand smoke in the club and 6 hours after a 3-hour exposure. The urine cotinine levels were measured via the LC-MS/MS method. A survey was conducted to collect data regarding the subjects' smoking experiences and the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in their daily lives. RESULTS: The average urine cotinine level increased from 1.09 microg/L to 5.55 microg/L (p<0.05). No significant difference existed in the change in urine cotinine level between the male and female subjects. In addition, there was no significant difference in the change in urine cotinine level by the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke in daily life. CONCLUSIONS: The average urine cotinine level in all the subjects significantly increased after exposure to secondhand smoke. This is the first study on exposure to secondhand smoke in clubs; these results can be used to craft measures that reduce exposure to secondhand smoke in public places, such as clubs.

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Level of Blood Lead and Urine Cotinine of Residents by Area
Yu-Jin Oh, Hyoung-Wook Kim, Yun-Jae Kim, Yoon-Deok Han, Sung-Hyeon Jung, Jong-Dae Lee, Bong-Ki Jang, Jin-Heon Lee, Bu-Soon Son
Journal of Environmental Science International.2019; 28(3): 329. CrossRef

Existance of cholinergic and purinergic receptor on the detrusor muscle of rat urinary bladder.: Tae Su Choi, Oh Cheol Kwon, Jeoung Hee Ha, Kwang Youn Lee, Won Joon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):138-149. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.138

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Abstract PDF: This study was aimed at investigation of the stimulatory innervations on the rat urinary bladder. Detrusor muscle strips of 15 mm long were suspended in isolated muscle chambers containing 1 ml of PSS maintained at 37℃ and aerated with 95% O²/5% Co². Isometric myography was performed, and the results were as followings: Muscle strips showed “on-contraction” by electric field stimulation (EFS) frequency-dependently. The EFS-induced contraction was not affected by hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, but abolished by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conduction blocker. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor enhanced the EFS-induced contraction which was inhibited by hemicholinium, an inhibitor of choline uptake at the cholinergic nerve ending. Such an EFS-induced contraction was antagonized by atropine only partially, and the atropine-resistant portion was completely abolished by the desensitization of purinergic receptors by prolonged incubating of the strips in the presence of high concentration of ATP. Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited concentration-dependent contraction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic agonist, induced a weak but concentration-dependent contraction of short duration. Bethanechol-induced contraction was not affected by ATP-desensitization, and ATP-induced contraction was not affected by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that there are at least two main stimulatory components of innervations in the detrusor muscle, cholinergic muscarinic and purinergic; and those receptors are independent each other.

Comparison of the results of multistix®-SG and comber-9-Test®RL urine dipstick assay.: Dae Chul Kim, Kyung Dong Kim, Bo Chan Jung, Chung Sook Kim, Kil Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(1):42-52. Published online June 30, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.1.42

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Abstract PDF: Two types of urine dipstick assays, Multistix-SG and Comber-9-Test RL, were compared for compatibility, accuracy, specificity and predictive values of a positive and negative test in 501 patients' urine and artificially prepared specimen. We found that the results of semiquantitative tests of Multistix-SG and Comber-9-Test RL performed were statistically similar in patients' specimen. The urinary leukocyte esterase tests of Comber-9-Test RL assays compared with urine sediment microscopy in regard to compatibility, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a positive and negative test 83.7%, 48.1%, 90.3%, 47.4% and 90.1%, respectively. The urinary nitrite tests of Comber-9-Test RL assays compared with urine culture tests, in regard to compatibility, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a positive and negative test were 90.3%, 19.4%, 84.7%, 53.8% and 94.1, respectively. For the urinary protein, the sulfosalicylic acid method was the most sensitive test for any kinds of protein, and Multistix-SG appeared more sensitive than Comber-9-Test RL for the albuminuria. For the urinary bilirubin and glucose, two dipstick assays were similar in their diagnostic efficiency. Finally in the urinary occult blood tests, Comber-9-Test RL assays was more sensitive than Multistix-SG.

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