Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Communications

Physical therapy, Sports therapy, and Rehabilitation
The feasibility of conducting successful pulmonary rehabilitation in India: Manivel Arumugam, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Pitchaimani Govindharaj, Mahendran Murugan; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:40. Published online June 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2025.42.40

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Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly effective evidence-based treatment with multidisciplinary and comprehensive individualized interventions that reduce morbidity by improving functional capacity and managing respiratory symptoms. It can contribute to overall wellness, reduce symptoms related to respiratory conditions, and facilitate routine work and social activities. Hence, it is a vital component of integrated care for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. In India, PR faces several challenges arising from patients, society, and hospitals. Recent evidence suggests that PR has significant benefits in chronic respiratory diseases, including reduced morbidity and mortality, improved quality of life, and cost savings. Nevertheless, it has been significantly underutilized and has not received the necessary attention in India. The lack of proper utilization of PR can be attributed to several factors, including a lack of awareness and understanding among healthcare professionals regarding its advantages, insufficient referrals to PR programs, scarcity of specialized professionals trained in PR, and a general lack of awareness among patients about its benefits. This article aims to outline the obstacles to PR, identify the factors that influence its successful implementation, and propose possible solutions to overcome these barriers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Creating home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with asthma: insights from practice
Cahidenur Koçak, Massimiliano Polastri, Esra Pehlivan
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 57. CrossRef

Original article

Musculoskeletal Disorders
Impact of artificial intelligence in managing musculoskeletal pathologies in physiatry: a qualitative observational study evaluating the potential use of ChatGPT versus Copilot for patient information and clinical advice on low back pain: Christophe Ah-Yan, Ève Boissonnault, Mathieu Boudier-Revéret, Christopher Mares; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2025;42:11. Published online November 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.01151

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background
The self-management of low back pain (LBP) through patient information interventions offers significant benefits in terms of cost, reduced work absenteeism, and overall healthcare utilization. Using a large language model (LLM), such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) or Copilot (Microsoft), could potentially enhance these outcomes further. Thus, it is important to evaluate the LLMs ChatGPT and Copilot in providing medical advice for LBP and assessing the impact of clinical context on the quality of responses.
Methods
This was a qualitative comparative observational study. It was conducted within the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Montreal in Montreal, QC, Canada. ChatGPT and Copilot were used to answer 27 common questions related to LBP, with and without a specific clinical context. The responses were evaluated by physiatrists for validity, safety, and usefulness using a 4-point Likert scale (4, most favorable).
Results
Both ChatGPT and Copilot demonstrated good performance across all measures. Validity scores were 3.33 for ChatGPT and 3.18 for Copilot, safety scores were 3.19 for ChatGPT and 3.13 for Copilot, and usefulness scores were 3.60 for ChatGPT and 3.57 for Copilot. The inclusion of clinical context did not significantly change the results.
Conclusion
LLMs, such as ChatGPT and Copilot, can provide reliable medical advice on LBP, irrespective of the detailed clinical context, supporting their potential to aid in patient self-management.

Review article

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Postoperative conditions of rehabilitative interest in lung transplantation: a systematic review: Massimiliano Polastri, Esra Pehlivan, Robert M. Reed, Allaina Eden; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(4):235-251. Published online August 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00521

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Abstract PDF

Lung transplantation is an elective treatment option for end-stage respiratory diseases in which all medical therapy options have been exhausted. The current study aimed to identify updated information on the postoperative conditions that may impair rehabilitation after lung transplantation and to provide specific considerations of their clinical relevance during the recovery process. The present study is a systematic review conducted by searching three primary databases: the United States National Library of Medicine PubMed system, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The databases were searched for articles published from database inception until May 2024; at the end of the selection process, 27 documents were included in the final analysis. The retrieved material identified 19 conditions of rehabilitative interest that potentially affect the postoperative course: graft dysfunction, dysphagia, postsurgical pain, cognitive impairment, chronic lung allograft dysfunction-bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, phrenic nerve injury, delayed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning, airway clearance, refractory hypoxemia, mediastinitis, reduced oxidative capacity, sternal dehiscence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), gastroparesis, ossification of the elbow, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, airway dehiscence, recurrent pleural effusion, and scapular prolapse. Although some patients are not amenable to rehabilitation techniques, others can significantly improve with rehabilitation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Role of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis
Esra Pehlivan
OBM Transplantation.2025; 09(01): 1. CrossRef
Early mobilization after lung transplantation: A scoping review protocol
Matthieu Reffienna, Adéla Foudhaïli, Colin Sidre, Damien Vitiello, Jonathan Messika
MethodsX.2025; 14: 103404. CrossRef
Seven-day rehabilitation services in hospital settings: benefits and drawbacks
Massimiliano Polastri, Luciana Scuotto
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(12): 1. CrossRef

Communicationses

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Rehabilitative goals for patients undergoing lung retransplantation: Massimiliano Polastri, Robert M. Reed; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(2):134-138. Published online April 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2024.00241

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Abstract PDF

Lung retransplantation (LRT) involves a second or subsequent lung transplant (LT) in a patient whose first transplanted graft has failed. LRT is the only treatment option for irreversible lung allograft failure caused by acute graft failure, chronic lung allograft dysfunction, or postoperative complications of bronchial anastomosis. Prehabilitation (rehabilitation before LT), while patients are on the waiting list, is recognized as an essential component of the therapeutic regimen and should be offered throughout the waiting period from the moment of listing until transplantation. LRT is particularly fraught with challenges, and prehabilitation to reduce frailty is one of the few opportunities to address modifiable risk factors (such as functional and motor impairments) in a patient population in which there is clearly room to improve outcomes. Although rehabilitative outcomes and quality of life in patients receiving or awaiting LT have gained increased interest, there is a paucity of data on rehabilitation in patients undergoing LRT. Frailty is one of the few modifiable risk factors of retransplantation that is potentially preventable. As such, it is imperative that professionals involved in the field of retransplantation conduct research specifically exploring rehabilitative techniques and outcomes of value for patients receiving LRT, because this area remains unexplored.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Experimental and Clinical Transplantation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Postoperative conditions of rehabilitative interest in lung transplantation: a systematic review
Massimiliano Polastri, Esra Pehlivan, Robert M. Reed, Allaina Eden
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2024; 41(4): 235. CrossRef
Seven-day rehabilitation services in hospital settings: benefits and drawbacks
Massimiliano Polastri, Luciana Scuotto
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(12): 1. CrossRef

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
The applicability of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine: Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):53-55. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01144

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Abstract PDF

A noncontact sensor field is an innovative device that can detect, measure, or monitor physical properties or conditions without direct physical contact with the subject or object under examination. These sensors use a variety of methods, including electromagnetic, optical, and acoustic technique, to collect information about the target without physical interaction. Noncontact sensors find wide-ranging applications in various fields such as manufacturing, robotics, automobiles, security, environmental monitoring, space industry, agriculture, and entertainment. In particular, they are used in the medical field, where they provide continuous monitoring of patient conditions and offer opportunities in rehabilitation medicine. This article introduces the potential of noncontact sensors in the field of rehabilitation medicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Emerging technologies in the field of medicine presented at the Consumer Electronics Show 2025
Jong-Ryul Yang, Min Cheol Chang
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 31. CrossRef
Application of noncontact sensors for cardiopulmonary physiology and body weight monitoring at home: A narrative review
Yoo Jin Choo, Jun Sung Moon, Gun Woo Lee, Wook-Tae Park, Heeyeon Won, Min Cheol Chang
Medicine.2024; 103(36): e39607. CrossRef
Thinking machines: artificial intelligence in rehabilitation and beyond
Massimiliano Polastri
International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation.2024; 31(10): 1. CrossRef

Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Sciatic neurotmesis and periostitis ossificans progressiva due to a traumatic/unexpected glass injury: a case report: Berkay Yalçınkaya, Hasan Ocak, Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Levent Özçakar; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2024;41(1):45-47. Published online November 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.01018

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Peripheral nerves may be affected or injured for several reasons. Peripheral nerve damage can result from trauma, surgery, anatomical abnormalities, entrapment, systemic diseases, or iatrogenic injuries. Trauma and iatrogenic injuries are the most common causes. The ulnar, median, and radial nerves are the most injured nerves in the upper extremities, while the sciatic and peroneal nerves are the most injured nerves in the lower extremities. The clinical symptoms of peripheral nerve damage include pain, weakness, numbness/tingling, and paresthesia. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of peripheral nerve injuries are crucial. If a peripheral nerve injury is left untreated, it can lead to severe complications and significant morbidity. The sciatic nerve is one of the most affected nerves. This nerve is generally injured by trauma and iatrogenic causes. Children are more susceptible to trauma than adults. Therefore, sciatic nerve injuries are observed in pediatric patients. When the sciatic nerve is damaged, pain, weakness, sensory loss, and gait disturbances can occur. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of sciatic nerve injuries are important to avoid unexpected consequences. Ultrasound can play an important role in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury and the follow-up of patients. The aim of this case report is twofold. First, we aimed to emphasize the critical role of ultrasonographic evaluation in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies. Second, we aimed to present this case, which has distinguishing features, such as the existence of periostitis ossificans progressiva with sciatic neurotmesis due to a traumatic glass injury.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Extensive lower limb neuropathies following coronary artery bypass surgery
Berkay Yalçınkaya, Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Hilmi Berkan Abacıoğlu, Alp Çetin
Neurological Sciences.2025; 46(12): 7053. CrossRef

Communication

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Odynophagia in individuals with neck pain: the importance of differential diagnosis in physiotherapy practice: Massimiliano Polastri, Luca Di Marco, Ernesto Andreoli; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(Suppl):S129-S133. Published online November 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00843

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Abstract PDF: Odynophagia refers to painful swallowing caused by various underlying factors that must be excluded to determine the best treatment approach. Neck pain is a debilitating condition requiring treatment in rehabilitative settings. There are several circumstances in which odynophagia and neck pain coexist, such as tendinitis of the longus colli muscle and paravertebral calcification, prevertebral and retropharyngeal abscess, esophageal perforation, aortic dissection, thyroid cartilage fracture, thyrohyoid ligament syndrome, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, and after physical exercise. Physiotherapists are professionals most likely to encounter individuals with neck pain and provide interventions such as massage, manual therapy, exercise, and electrotherapy. Therefore, it is important to recognize that neck pain can stem from different clinical conditions that require interventions other than physiotherapy. A differential diagnosis is crucial to ensure appropriate referrals for therapeutic interventions.

Focused Review article

Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Management and rehabilitation of moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infection: a narrative review: Chi Young An, Seung Lim Baek, Dong-Il Chun; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(4):343-351. Published online September 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00717

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Abstract PDF

Diabetic foot is one of the most devastating consequences of diabetes, resulting in amputation and possibly death. Therefore, early detection and vigorous treatment of infections in patients with diabetic foot are critical. This review seeks to provide guidelines for the therapy and rehabilitation of patients with moderate-to-severe diabetic foot. If a diabetic foot infection is suspected, bacterial cultures should be initially obtained. Numerous imaging studies can be used to identify diabetic foot, and recent research has shown that white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography has comparable diagnostic specificity and sensitivity to magnetic resonance imaging. Surgery is performed when a diabetic foot ulcer is deep and is accompanied by bone and soft tissue infections. Patients should be taught preoperative rehabilitation before undergoing stressful surgery. During surgical procedures, it is critical to remove all necrotic tissue and drain the inflammatory area. It is critical to treat wounds with suitable dressings after surgery. Wet dressings promote the formation of granulation tissues and new blood vessels. Walking should begin as soon as the patient’s general condition allows it, regardless of the wound status or prior walking capacity. Adequate treatment of comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation are necessary. Additionally, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required to treat diabetic foot infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Unveiling the challenges of diabetic foot infections: diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and rehabilitation
Chul Hyun Park
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2023; 40(4): 319. CrossRef

Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on patients with acute COVID-19: a single-center case series: Son Mi Lee, Min Woo Kim, Donghyun Shin, Songi Han, Ju Sun Oh; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2023;40(3):297-301. Published online November 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2022.00591

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Abstract PDF

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing for more than 2 years. Many patients who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection continue to have aftereffects such as dyspnea and fatigue, which may lead to functional decline. Therefore, the need for managing these symptoms using methods such as pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has emerged. The purpose of this study was to report the effectiveness of PR in five patients with acute COVID-19. PR was performed in patients with persistent dyspnea and oxygen demand after COVID-19. All five patients were able to maintain an independent functional status before COVID-19. However, after acute COVID-19, they were unable to walk independently and needed assistance for activities of daily living due to dyspnea and fatigue. Therefore, they were referred to rehabilitation units, and PR was performed. The modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), 6-minute walking test, forced vital capacity, and grip strength were assessed before and after PR, and the results were compared. After PR, the parameters improved, except for the MEP in one patient (patient 3) and the grip strength in another patient (patient 4). After PR, two out of five patients returned to work and the other three returned home. Therefore, we conclude that PR is necessary for patients with acute COVID-19 with activity limitations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effect of Chest Physiotherapy Technique on Bilateral Bronchial Pneumonia Secondary to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report
Urvini R Lokhande, H V Sharath, Vaishnavi M Thakre
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original article

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Storing information of stroke rehabilitation patients using blockchain technology: a software study: Min Cheol Chang; J Yeungnam Med Sci. 2022;39(2):98-107. Published online September 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2021.01368

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Abstract PDF

Background
Stroke patients usually experience damage to multiple functions and a long rehabilitation period. Hence, there is a large volume of patient clinical information. It thus takes a long time for clinicians to identify the patient’s information and essential pieces of information may be overlooked. To solve this, we stored the essential clinical information of stroke patients in a blockchain and implemented the blockchain technology using the Java programming language.
Methods
We created a mini blockchain to store the medical information of patients using the Java programming language.
Results
After generating a unique pair of public/private keys for identity verification, a patient’s identity is verified by applying the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm based on the generated keys. When the identity verification is complete, new medical data are stored in the transaction list and the generated transaction is verified. When verification is completed normally, the block hash value is derived using the transaction value and the hash value of the previous block. The hash value of the previous block is then stored in the generated block to interconnect the blocks.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that blockchain can be used to store and deliver the patient information of stroke patients. It may be difficult to directly implement the code that we developed in the medical field, but it can serve as a starting point for the creation of a blockchain system to be used in the field.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prediction of motor outcome based on brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in corona radiata infarct
Eunjung Kong, Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang
International Journal of Neuroscience.2024; 134(12): 1470. CrossRef
Use of QR Codes for Promoting a Home-Based Therapeutic Exercise in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective Randomized Study
Min Cheol Chang, Donghwi Park, Yoo Jin Choo
Journal of Pain Research.2022; Volume 15: 4065. CrossRef

Case report

Physical therapy, Sports Therapy, and Rehabilitation
Safety and effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation in a stroke patient with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a case report: Sang Cheol Lee, Eun Jae Ko, Ju Yeon Lee, Ae Lee Hong; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2021;38(4):361-365. Published online March 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2020.00885

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Abstract PDF: Stroke patients have reduced aerobic capacity. Therefore, intensive structured exercise programs are needed. We report the case of a patient with stroke and cardiac disease who underwent early inpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR). A 38-year-old male patient with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and cerebral infarction underwent a symptom-limited exercise tolerance test (ETT) without any problems on day 45 after admission. He completed a 2-week inpatient program and an 8-week home-based CR program. Follow-up ETT showed increased exercise capacity. The present case might be the first to report a safely performed CR program in a patient with stroke and cardiac comorbidity in Korea. Systematic guidance is needed for post-stroke patients to receive safe and effective CR for the secondary prevention of stroke and cardiovascular risk.

Review

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Nutritional Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.: Kwan Ho Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2004;21(2):133-142. Published online December 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2004.21.2.133

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Abstract PDF

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a not entirely reversible limitation in the airflow. An airflow limitation is progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to gases and harmful particles. In COPD, the weight loss is commonly observed and there is a negative impact on the respiratory as well as skeletal muscle function. The pathophysiological mechanisms that result in weight loss in COPD are not fully understood. However, the mechanisms of weight loss in COPD may be the result of an increased energy expenditure unbalanced by an adequate dietary intake. The commonly occurring weight loss and muscle wasting in COPD patients adversely affect the respiratory and peripheral muscle function, the exercise capacity, the health status, and even the survival rates. Therefore, it is very valuable to include management strategies that the increase energy balance in order to increase the weight and fat free mass. A Better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms of COPD can improve the many new directions for both the basic and clinical investigations. The Nutritional supply is an important components of a multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program. Future studies combining an exercise program, the role of anabolic steroids, nutritional individualization, a more targeted nutritional therapy, and the development of new drugs including anti-cytokines is needed for the effective management of COPD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean adults according to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Based on the 2012~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Bo Mi Kang, Hae Ryun Park, Young Mi Lee, Kyung Hee Song
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(6): 585. CrossRef

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