Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
Copyright © 2023 Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Institute of Medical Science
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No. | Case | Year | Age at initial diagnosis (yr)/sex | Initial diagnosis (site) | Initial therapy/response | Interval to transformation (time of relapse, mo) | Second diagnosis (site) | Second therapy/response | Follow-up from the initial diagnosis (mo) | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Custer and Bernhard [4] | 1948 | 33/F (case 1) | FL (LN) | RT/NA | NA | HL (LN) | NA | 23 | DOD |
2 | Custer and Bernhard [4] | 1948 | NA | FL (LN) | NA/NA | NA | HL (LN) | NA | NA | DOD |
3 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 68/F (case 2) | FL CCC (neck LN) | RT /CR | 60 | HL NS (left axillary LN, supraclavicular, portahepatic, paraaortic, peripancreatic, and mesenteric nodes; spleen; liver; left lung; left kidney; and BM) | Vinblastine, thiotepa, procarbazine, and prednisone+palliative RT/NC | 62 | DOD |
4 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 40/M (case 3) | FL CCC (right submandibular and left inguinal LN) | RT, chlorambucil/CR | 276 | HL NS (right inguinal node) | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone, (COPP) | 354 | NED |
FL CCC or mantle cell lymphoma (left inguinal LN) | → lomustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone | |||||||||
→ prednisone, lomustine, vinblastine, and procarbazine | ||||||||||
→ lomustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisone, and methotrexate/PD | ||||||||||
→CR | ||||||||||
5 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 74/M (case 5) | FL CCC (small bowel, retroperitoneum) | Surgery, RT (3500 rad) vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil/CR | 92 | Simultaneous: | MOPP-ABV-CAD/CR | 120 | NED |
HL NS (left neck LN) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (BM) | ||||||||||
6 | Lenner et al. [6] | 1989 | 39/M | FL CCC and CBC (inguinal LN) | Oral prednomustine/CR | 36 | Composite: | Alternating MOPP and AVBD/PD | 72 | AWD |
HL MC and FL CCC and CBC (spleen, hepatoduodenal, paraaortic and inguinal LNs) | ||||||||||
7 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 43/M (case 2, case 3 of Jaffe 1992) | DLBCL (NA) | NA/NA | 48 | Simultaneous and composite | CT, AMBT/PD | 26 | DOD |
FL CCC and CBC (NA) | HL UC, FL and DLBCL (inguinal LN) | |||||||||
HL NS and DLBCL (90%) (supraclavicular LN) | ||||||||||
8 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 63/M (case 3) | FL CCC and CBC (NA) | NA | 36 | Composite: | Surgery | 2 | DOD |
HL MC (10%) and DLBCL (90%) (stomach) | ||||||||||
9 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 48/M (case 8, case 1 of Jaffe 1992) | FL CCC and CBC (NA) | NA | 144 | Composite: | RT, nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine/PD | 35 | DOD |
HL NS and FL CCC and CBC (large cell 75%) (neck and inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
HL interfollicular type and FL CCC and CBC (large cell 90%) (submandibular LN) | ||||||||||
10 | Travis et al. [8] | 1992 | 39/F (case 5) | FL CCC (NA) | CT | 65 | HL UC (LN) | NA | 69 | DOC |
11 | Travis et al. [8] | 1992 | 57/F (case 6) | FL CCC and CBC (LN) | NA | 137 | HL NS (LN and BM) | NA | 141 | DOC |
12 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 27/F (case 1) | FL CCC and CBC (supraclavicular LN) | C-MOPP, CHOP, RT | 96 | HL NS (subxiphoid LN) | CT | 114 | DOD |
13 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 61/F (case 2) | FL CCC and CBC (neck LN) | Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, vincristine, procarbazine | 48 | HL NS (supraclavicular LN) | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, etoposide | 66 | NED |
14 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 72/M (case 3) | FL CBC (neck and intra-auricular LN) | Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, vincristine, RT | 36 | HL NS (inguinal LN) | RT | 70 | NED |
15 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 57/F (case 4) | FL CCC (inguinal LN) | Prednisone, chlorambucil | 144 | HL UC (periaortic LN, liver) | ABVD/MOPP, etoposide | 153 | NED |
16 | Zarate-Osorno [9] | 1993 | 54/F (case 5) | FL CCC and CBC (femoral LN) | RT, chlorambucil, prednisone | 60 | HL NS (neck LN) | CT | 60 | NA |
17 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 36/M (case 7) | FL CCC (inguinal and axillary LN) | None | 24 | Simultaneous: | ProMACE-MOPP, RT, AMBT | 60 | DOD |
HL MC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
18 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 36/F (case 8) | FL and DLBCL cell (Jejunum) | ProMACE-MOPP | 72 | Simultaneous and composite: | ProMACE | 150 | NED |
FL, CCC (mesenteric LN) | HL NS (periaortic LN) | CytaBOM RT | ||||||||
FL and DLBCL (mesenteric LN) | ||||||||||
19 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (HH) | FL CBC (NA) | RT | 180 | HL NS (NA) t (18;14)(+) | NA | NA | NA |
20 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (HN) | FL CCC (NA) | RT | 132 | HL MC (NA) t (18;14)(+) | NA | NA | NA |
21 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (VS) | FL CCC (NA) | CT | 48 | HL NS (NA) t (18;14)(–) | NA | NA | NA |
22 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (BB) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 84 | HL MC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
23 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (AL) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 84 | HL MC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
24 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (LD) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 12 | HL UC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
25 | Hirose et al. [11] | 1996 | 62/M | FL CCC (neck LN, duodenum) | CHOP #5/PD | 16 | Simultaneous: | Surgery, CT | 18 | DOC |
EBER(–) | HL MC (inguinal, paraaortic, mesenteric, and along the lesser curvature LN) | |||||||||
EBER(+) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (duodenum) | ||||||||||
26 | Thirumala et al. [12] | 2000 | 60/M | FL, CCC (unspecified site) | RT | 156 | Composite: | NA | NA | NA |
HL NS and FL CCC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
27 | Copur et al. [13] | 2004 | 68/F | FL CCC (10%) and CLL (90%) (BM) | SNOP #6 | 96 | HL (liver and retroperitoneal LN) | Methylprednisolone | NA | NA |
→ FL (BM) | →fludarabine #6, rituximab #4/PR | t(14;18)(–) | → Liposomal doxorubicin #4/CR | |||||||
FL CCC (inguinal, mesenteric, periaortic, pericaval, and liver) | →PD→CR | |||||||||
28 | Nakamura et al. [14] | 2007 | 44/M | FL grade 1 (abdominal cavity) | NA | 48 | HL MC (neck LN) | NA | NA | NA |
EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
29 | Yoshida et al. [15] | 2012 | 63/M (case 3) | FL, grade 3A (inguinal LN) | NA | 120 | HL MC (systemic) EBER(–), translocation of 18q21 (+) | NA | NA | NA |
30 | Yoshida et al. [15] | 2012 | 89/F (case 4) | FL. grade 1 (colon) | NA | 36 | HL MC (neck LN) | NA | NA | NA |
EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
31 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 63/M (case 2) | FL (site unspecified), stage IV | R-CVP #6/PD | 72 | HL (paraaortic and retroperitoneal LNs) | NA/NA | NA | NA |
32 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 53/M (case 3) | FL grade 3, stage IV | R-CHOP #8/CR | 66 | HL NS (mediastinal LN) | CT #2, Auto-SCT/PD | 0 | DOD |
t(14;18)(+) | t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
FL grade 2 (lung) | t-MDS (BM) | |||||||||
33 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 48/M (case 4) | FL grade 1 (inguinal LN) | R-Benda #4 | 24 | HL NS (paraaortic, retroperitoneal, peribiliary LNs) | None | 0 | DOC |
IgH(+) t(14;18)(+ ) | R-CHOP #6/PD | IgH+ t(14;18)+ | ||||||||
34 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 68/M (case 5) | FL grade 1–2 (inguinal LN) IgH(+) | R-Benda ibritumomab tiuxetan/PD | 12 | Composite: HL NS (axillary LN) | ABVD #3 | 48 | AWD |
IgH(+) t(14;18)(+) | → brentuximab and then gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and doxorubicin | |||||||||
FL low grade (inguinal LN) | → RICE → brentuximab | |||||||||
→ ipilimumab and nivolumab/PD | ||||||||||
35 | Tennese et al. [17] | 2017 | 49/M | FL, grade 3A, SLL, and MCLIS (left inguinal LN) | CHOP #6 → fludarabine, chlorambucil, and rituximab → autologous stem cell transplant/PR → CR | 144 | HL MC (right axillary LN) | ABVD #4 | 168 | DOC (sepsis) |
EBER(–) IgH(+) t(14;18)(+) in FL | EBER(–) IgH(+), a different peak from previous FL | →gemcitabine and vinorelbine/CR | ||||||||
14q32/IgH translocation in SLL | →PD | |||||||||
CCND1/IgH translocation in MCLIS | ||||||||||
FL grade 1–2, SLL (submental LN) |
F, female; FL, follicular lymphoma; LN, lymph node; RT, radiotherapy; NA, not applicable; DOD, died of disease; CCC, centrocytic type; NS, nodular sclerosing; NC, non-curative; M, male; CR, complete remission; COPP, cyclophosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone; PD, progressive disease; NED, no evidence of disease; MOPP, nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone; ABV, adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine; CAD, comustine, alkeram, diacetylvinblastine (vindesine); MC, mixed cellularity; AVBD, adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine; AWD, alive with disease; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; CBC, centroblastic type; UC, unclassifiable; CT, computed tomography; DOC, died of complications or died of other cause; BM, bone marrow; AMBT, autologous bone marrow transplantation; ProMACE-MOP, prednisone, methotrexate, adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, etoposide-mustargen (mechlorethamine), oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, prednisone; CytaBOM, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine (oncovine), methotrexate; EBER, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; SNOP, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, prednisone; PR, partial response; R-CVP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone; R-CHOP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; t-MDS, therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome; SCT, stem cell transplantation; IgH, immunoglobulin heavy chain; R-Benda, rituximab-bendamustine; RICE, rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide; SLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma; MCLIS, mantle cell lymphoma in situ; CHOP, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; CCND1, cyclin D1.
No. | Case | Year | Age at initial diagnosis (yr)/sex | Initial diagnosis (site) | Initial therapy/response | Interval to transformation (time of relapse, mo) | Second diagnosis (site) | Second therapy/response | Follow-up from the initial diagnosis (mo) | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Custer and Bernhard [4] | 1948 | 33/F (case 1) | FL (LN) | RT/NA | NA | HL (LN) | NA | 23 | DOD |
2 | Custer and Bernhard [4] | 1948 | NA | FL (LN) | NA/NA | NA | HL (LN) | NA | NA | DOD |
3 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 68/F (case 2) | FL CCC (neck LN) | RT /CR | 60 | HL NS (left axillary LN, supraclavicular, portahepatic, paraaortic, peripancreatic, and mesenteric nodes; spleen; liver; left lung; left kidney; and BM) | Vinblastine, thiotepa, procarbazine, and prednisone+palliative RT/NC | 62 | DOD |
4 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 40/M (case 3) | FL CCC (right submandibular and left inguinal LN) | RT, chlorambucil/CR | 276 | HL NS (right inguinal node) | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone, (COPP) | 354 | NED |
FL CCC or mantle cell lymphoma (left inguinal LN) | → lomustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone | |||||||||
→ prednisone, lomustine, vinblastine, and procarbazine | ||||||||||
→ lomustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisone, and methotrexate/PD | ||||||||||
→CR | ||||||||||
5 | Carrato et al. [5] | 1987 | 74/M (case 5) | FL CCC (small bowel, retroperitoneum) | Surgery, RT (3500 rad) vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil/CR | 92 | Simultaneous: | MOPP-ABV-CAD/CR | 120 | NED |
HL NS (left neck LN) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (BM) | ||||||||||
6 | Lenner et al. [6] | 1989 | 39/M | FL CCC and CBC (inguinal LN) | Oral prednomustine/CR | 36 | Composite: | Alternating MOPP and AVBD/PD | 72 | AWD |
HL MC and FL CCC and CBC (spleen, hepatoduodenal, paraaortic and inguinal LNs) | ||||||||||
7 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 43/M (case 2, case 3 of Jaffe 1992) | DLBCL (NA) | NA/NA | 48 | Simultaneous and composite | CT, AMBT/PD | 26 | DOD |
FL CCC and CBC (NA) | HL UC, FL and DLBCL (inguinal LN) | |||||||||
HL NS and DLBCL (90%) (supraclavicular LN) | ||||||||||
8 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 63/M (case 3) | FL CCC and CBC (NA) | NA | 36 | Composite: | Surgery | 2 | DOD |
HL MC (10%) and DLBCL (90%) (stomach) | ||||||||||
9 | Gonzalez et al. [7] | 1991 | 48/M (case 8, case 1 of Jaffe 1992) | FL CCC and CBC (NA) | NA | 144 | Composite: | RT, nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine/PD | 35 | DOD |
HL NS and FL CCC and CBC (large cell 75%) (neck and inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
HL interfollicular type and FL CCC and CBC (large cell 90%) (submandibular LN) | ||||||||||
10 | Travis et al. [8] | 1992 | 39/F (case 5) | FL CCC (NA) | CT | 65 | HL UC (LN) | NA | 69 | DOC |
11 | Travis et al. [8] | 1992 | 57/F (case 6) | FL CCC and CBC (LN) | NA | 137 | HL NS (LN and BM) | NA | 141 | DOC |
12 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 27/F (case 1) | FL CCC and CBC (supraclavicular LN) | C-MOPP, CHOP, RT | 96 | HL NS (subxiphoid LN) | CT | 114 | DOD |
13 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 61/F (case 2) | FL CCC and CBC (neck LN) | Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, vincristine, procarbazine | 48 | HL NS (supraclavicular LN) | Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, etoposide | 66 | NED |
14 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 72/M (case 3) | FL CBC (neck and intra-auricular LN) | Cyclophosphamide, prednisone, vincristine, RT | 36 | HL NS (inguinal LN) | RT | 70 | NED |
15 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 57/F (case 4) | FL CCC (inguinal LN) | Prednisone, chlorambucil | 144 | HL UC (periaortic LN, liver) | ABVD/MOPP, etoposide | 153 | NED |
16 | Zarate-Osorno [9] | 1993 | 54/F (case 5) | FL CCC and CBC (femoral LN) | RT, chlorambucil, prednisone | 60 | HL NS (neck LN) | CT | 60 | NA |
17 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 36/M (case 7) | FL CCC (inguinal and axillary LN) | None | 24 | Simultaneous: | ProMACE-MOPP, RT, AMBT | 60 | DOD |
HL MC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
18 | Zarate-Osorno et al. [9] | 1993 | 36/F (case 8) | FL and DLBCL cell (Jejunum) | ProMACE-MOPP | 72 | Simultaneous and composite: | ProMACE | 150 | NED |
FL, CCC (mesenteric LN) | HL NS (periaortic LN) | CytaBOM RT | ||||||||
FL and DLBCL (mesenteric LN) | ||||||||||
19 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (HH) | FL CBC (NA) | RT | 180 | HL NS (NA) t (18;14)(+) | NA | NA | NA |
20 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (HN) | FL CCC (NA) | RT | 132 | HL MC (NA) t (18;14)(+) | NA | NA | NA |
21 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (VS) | FL CCC (NA) | CT | 48 | HL NS (NA) t (18;14)(–) | NA | NA | NA |
22 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (BB) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 84 | HL MC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
23 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (AL) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 84 | HL MC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
24 | LeBrun et al. [10] | 1994 | NA (LD) | FL CCC (NA) | NA | 12 | HL UC (NA) | NA | NA | NA |
25 | Hirose et al. [11] | 1996 | 62/M | FL CCC (neck LN, duodenum) | CHOP #5/PD | 16 | Simultaneous: | Surgery, CT | 18 | DOC |
EBER(–) | HL MC (inguinal, paraaortic, mesenteric, and along the lesser curvature LN) | |||||||||
EBER(+) | ||||||||||
FL CCC (duodenum) | ||||||||||
26 | Thirumala et al. [12] | 2000 | 60/M | FL, CCC (unspecified site) | RT | 156 | Composite: | NA | NA | NA |
HL NS and FL CCC (inguinal LN) | ||||||||||
27 | Copur et al. [13] | 2004 | 68/F | FL CCC (10%) and CLL (90%) (BM) | SNOP #6 | 96 | HL (liver and retroperitoneal LN) | Methylprednisolone | NA | NA |
→ FL (BM) | →fludarabine #6, rituximab #4/PR | t(14;18)(–) | → Liposomal doxorubicin #4/CR | |||||||
FL CCC (inguinal, mesenteric, periaortic, pericaval, and liver) | →PD→CR | |||||||||
28 | Nakamura et al. [14] | 2007 | 44/M | FL grade 1 (abdominal cavity) | NA | 48 | HL MC (neck LN) | NA | NA | NA |
EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
29 | Yoshida et al. [15] | 2012 | 63/M (case 3) | FL, grade 3A (inguinal LN) | NA | 120 | HL MC (systemic) EBER(–), translocation of 18q21 (+) | NA | NA | NA |
30 | Yoshida et al. [15] | 2012 | 89/F (case 4) | FL. grade 1 (colon) | NA | 36 | HL MC (neck LN) | NA | NA | NA |
EBER(–), t(14;18)(+) | t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
31 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 63/M (case 2) | FL (site unspecified), stage IV | R-CVP #6/PD | 72 | HL (paraaortic and retroperitoneal LNs) | NA/NA | NA | NA |
32 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 53/M (case 3) | FL grade 3, stage IV | R-CHOP #8/CR | 66 | HL NS (mediastinal LN) | CT #2, Auto-SCT/PD | 0 | DOD |
t(14;18)(+) | t(14;18)(+) | |||||||||
FL grade 2 (lung) | t-MDS (BM) | |||||||||
33 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 48/M (case 4) | FL grade 1 (inguinal LN) | R-Benda #4 | 24 | HL NS (paraaortic, retroperitoneal, peribiliary LNs) | None | 0 | DOC |
IgH(+) t(14;18)(+ ) | R-CHOP #6/PD | IgH+ t(14;18)+ | ||||||||
34 | Wang et al. [16] | 2016 | 68/M (case 5) | FL grade 1–2 (inguinal LN) IgH(+) | R-Benda ibritumomab tiuxetan/PD | 12 | Composite: HL NS (axillary LN) | ABVD #3 | 48 | AWD |
IgH(+) t(14;18)(+) | → brentuximab and then gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and doxorubicin | |||||||||
FL low grade (inguinal LN) | → RICE → brentuximab | |||||||||
→ ipilimumab and nivolumab/PD | ||||||||||
35 | Tennese et al. [17] | 2017 | 49/M | FL, grade 3A, SLL, and MCLIS (left inguinal LN) | CHOP #6 → fludarabine, chlorambucil, and rituximab → autologous stem cell transplant/PR → CR | 144 | HL MC (right axillary LN) | ABVD #4 | 168 | DOC (sepsis) |
EBER(–) IgH(+) t(14;18)(+) in FL | EBER(–) IgH(+), a different peak from previous FL | →gemcitabine and vinorelbine/CR | ||||||||
14q32/IgH translocation in SLL | →PD | |||||||||
CCND1/IgH translocation in MCLIS | ||||||||||
FL grade 1–2, SLL (submental LN) |
F, female; FL, follicular lymphoma; LN, lymph node; RT, radiotherapy; NA, not applicable; DOD, died of disease; CCC, centrocytic type; NS, nodular sclerosing; NC, non-curative; M, male; CR, complete remission; COPP, cyclophosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone; PD, progressive disease; NED, no evidence of disease; MOPP, nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone; ABV, adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine; CAD, comustine, alkeram, diacetylvinblastine (vindesine); MC, mixed cellularity; AVBD, adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine; AWD, alive with disease; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; CBC, centroblastic type; UC, unclassifiable; CT, computed tomography; DOC, died of complications or died of other cause; BM, bone marrow; AMBT, autologous bone marrow transplantation; ProMACE-MOP, prednisone, methotrexate, adriamycin (doxorubicin), cyclophosphamide, etoposide-mustargen (mechlorethamine), oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, prednisone; CytaBOM, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine (oncovine), methotrexate; EBER, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; SNOP, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, prednisone; PR, partial response; R-CVP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone; R-CHOP, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; t-MDS, therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome; SCT, stem cell transplantation; IgH, immunoglobulin heavy chain; R-Benda, rituximab-bendamustine; RICE, rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide; SLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma; MCLIS, mantle cell lymphoma