Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science

Volume 8(2); December 1991

Reviews

The Role of Free Radicals in Reperfusion Myocardial Injury.: Young Jo Kim, Hyun Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):1-12. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.1

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

DNA Diagnosis Using Polymerase Chain Reaction.: Tae Yoon Lee, Sung Kwang Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):13-23. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.13

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No abstract available.

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Effects of body mass index on plantar pressure and balance
Se-Won Yoon, Woong-Sik Park, Jeong-Woo Lee
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(11): 3095. CrossRef

Original Articles

A clinical study on children with delayed language development.: Jeong Ho Kim, Han Ku Moon, Jeong Ok Hah; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):24-34. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.24

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Abstract PDF

Delayed emergence of speech or language are frequent causes for concern about development during early childhood. Delay in evaluation and proper management until school entry in more likely to result in frustration, anxiety and school failure. Many language disturbances and their attendant behavior disorders respond to intensive language therapy. Authors analyzed the medical records of 52 children with delayed language development evaluated during 30 months from January 1986 through June 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The majority of cases were evaluated at the age of 2-2.9 year old (16 cases, 30.8%) and 3-3.9 year old (11 cases, 21.2%) 2. Male to female ratio was 3:1 3. The most common cause was mental retardation (53.8%), followed by developmental language disorder (23.1%) and autism (13.5%) 4. The most common associated condition was dysarticulation (17.3%), followed by strabismus (9.6%) and seizures (7.7%) 5. Special education was recommended in cases of 23 (44.2%), speech therapy in 12 cases (23.1%) and consultation to child psychiatry in 7 cases (13.5%) Making diagnosis of underlying disorders in not simple because assessment of intelligence in young children in difficult and only a few tests are standardized. More detailed study on children with delayed language development and development of psychometric tests for handicapped children are necessary, especially in Korea.

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The usefulness of diagnostic tests in children with language delay
Seung Taek Oh, Eun Sil Lee, Han Ku Moon
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2009; 52(3): 289. CrossRef

Correlation of changes of intracranial pressure and clinical manifestations in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.: Eul Soo Chung, Sam Kyu Ko, Oh Lyong Kim, Yung Chul Chi, Byung Yearn Choi, Soo Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):35-44. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.35

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Abstract PDF: Recently, many authors have reported about the relationship of the volumes of hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma, hemorrhagic sites, optimal operation time, and the effects of mannitol and steroid on control of ICP to clinical manifestations. Many attempts to measure ICP in hydrocephalus, brain tumor, and head injury have been reported. But the measurements of intracranial pressure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are rare. Intracranial pressure was monitored prospectively in 30 patients who had stereotaxic surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The results are as follows. 1. Intracranial pressure was increased in high PaCO₂. 2. There were no correlation in ICP, rebleeding and ADL ad discharge (P>0.05). 3. ICP was the most high level in 72 hours after operation. 4. There was 63.2% decrease in ICP after irrigation with 6000 IU urokinase in the site of hemorrhage. 5. There was no correlation between the numbers of natural drainage and ADL at discharge (P>0.05). 6. The higher the initial GCS, the higher the postoperative GCS.

Mycological findings of Trichophyton tonsurans isolated in New Orleans area.: Ki Hong Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):45-51. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.45

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Abstract PDF: There had been no reports of trichophyton tonsurans infection in Korea yet. We have much chances to import the organism through international travels and exchanges. But we, Korean, have no experiences to observe T. tonsurans. Author tried mycological studies with T. tonsurans insolated in New Orleans, USA. The results are as follows: Gross findings of T. tonsurans showed that fine granular surface with light yellow hue or white color and grooving in the central area on the front side and mahogany brown color on the reverse side. On the urease test, various reddish discoloration was noted. Microscopic findings showed that septated hyphae, macroconidia, chlamydoconidia and microconidia. Macroconidia were 305 septated, smooth-surfaced, and were found more frequently in the whitish colony. Microconidia were characteristic in their arrangement and shape; round or oval shaped microconidia laterally to hyphae, some were match-head like terminal swelling. Hair perforation test showed positive results in 16 strains among 19 tested strains. All these findings are similar to T. rubrum and T. menatgrophytes, the most frequent isolates of dermatophytes in Korea, and we have to pay an attention to differentiate carefully.

Toxic effect of azalea extract on cardiovascular system.: Jun Ha Chun, Sung Bok Chung, Seung Ho Kang, Yeong Jo Kim, Bong Sub Shim, Hyun Woo Lee, Dong Gu Shin, Jong Min Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):52-62. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.52

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Abstract PDF: The toxic effect of azalea extract, especially on cardiovascular system, in relatively unclear. The purpose of this study is to study the possible underlying mechanism and effect of toxic ingredient of azalea on cardiovascular system. The 71 healthy rabbits were divided into 10 groups: In group as preliminary study; 4 cc of normal saline was administered intravenously (N); 0.7 gm/kg and 1.0 gm/kg of azalea extract was administered respectively in the same route, volume (A1, A2); atropine was administered intravenously (A); after pretreatment with atropine (0.04 mg/kg) to block parasympathetic system, azalea extract was injected like the above groups (AA1, AA2); normal saline, 0.7 gm/kg and 1.0 gm/kg of azalea extract were administered respectively with 0.2 cc (1:1000) epinephrine (E0, E1, E2). We measured the following indices at I minute interval during first 10 minutes and then 10 minute interval during next 30 minutes: RR interval, QTc interval, maximal systolic and diastolic pressure drop with occurring time and presence of significant arrhythmia. The results were as follows: 1. The changes of RR interval, QTc interval were significantly increased in groups by Azalea extract. The blood pressure change was significantly decreased in groups by Azalea extract. There were no significant differences according to dosage of Azalea extract. 2. The changes of RR interval, blood pressure were significant differences between administration of atropine and Azalea extract after pretreatment with atropine, but not in the change of QTc interval. 3. There were no significant differences in the change of RR interval, ATc interval, blood pressure drop according to pretreatment with atropine. 4. The interaction between epinephrine and Azalea extract was not noted by the effect of epinephrine itself. 5. The ST change by 0.7 gm/kg, 1.0 gm/kg of Azalea extract was revealed in 1 case (14.0%), 7 case (100%), respectively. 6. Most of all cases with arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, were noted in the group by epinephrine, except on case by Azalea extract (1.0 gm/kg). It was idioventricular rhythm. In conclusion, azalea extract has negative inotropic and chronotropic effect with arrhythmogenic potential possibly through direct myocardial ischemia or injury but we can't be absolutely exclusive of actions of autonomic nervous system, especially parasympathetic nervous system.

Nucleolar organizer regions in glioma.: Hae Joo Nam, Dong Suk Kim, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):63-69. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.63

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Abstract PDF: Nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) are loops of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. They produce ultimately ribosome and protein. Thus they are believed to reflect nuclear activity. We applied silver colloid staining technique to human glioma to examine relationship between the mean number of Ag-NOR and histopathological grading. The mean number of Ag-NOR (±S. E of the mean) were 1.17±0.07 in normal brain, 1.53±0.25 in astrocytoma, 2.37±0.71 in malignant astrocytoma. And 2.88±0.41 in glioblastoma multiforme. And there was a statistically significant difference among these. The results show that Ag-NOR technique is a rather simple and rapid method and will become a helpful tool for estimation of the proliferative potential of glioma.

Metastatic tumors in supraclavicular lymph node: pathological analysis of 125 cases.: Dong Sug Kim, Hae Joo Nam, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):70-75. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.70

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Abstract PDF: Supraclavicular lymph nodes are unique in that they can attract metastases from almost anywhere in the body and most common sites of metastasis from an unknown primary source. 125 cases which had been diagnosed as metastatic supraclavicular lymph node during the period between May 1983 and August 1991, were analyzed pathologically, and following distinctive characteristics could be outlined: 1) The most frequent sites of metastasis from primary lesions are lung (43%), stomach (23%), lymphoreticular (6%), biliary (5%), esophagus (2%), and pancreas (2%). 2) Histologic examination of metastatic supraclavicular lymph node revealed adenocarcinoma (57%), squamous cell carcinoma (12%), undifferentiated carcinoma (9%), small cell carcinoma (7%), malignant lymphoma (6%), malignant melanoma (1%) and undetermined carcinoma (8%). 3) In cases that histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and undetermined carcinoma, the most frequent primary site was lung.

Histopathological study of gastric adenoma.: Dong Sug Kim, Hae Joo Nam, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee, Moon Kwan Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):76-83. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.76

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Abstract PDF: A total of 53 gastric adenomas from endoscopically biopsied gastric mucosa were examined histopathologically. The average age at the time of endoscopic biopsy was 59 years, and gastric adenomas were found to be more frequent in the aged, particularly above the age of 50. The majority of adenomas occurred at the antrum. Concerning the shape of the adenomas, Yamada type II was more frequent (55%). All adenomas were accompanied by varying degree of intestinal metaplasia, and this findings suggest that gastric adenoma develops from intestinal metaplasia. In adenomas with severe atypia (grade III), endocrine cells (argyrophil and argentaffin cells) were markedly decreased or absent. Gastric adenocarcinomas coexistent with adenoma were seen in 5 (9.4%) out of 53 cases, and were more frequent in male than female patients (sex ratio, 4:1) and the average age was 61.4 years. It is suggested that there is a necessity of thorough follow-up study for definitive correlation between gastric adenoma and adenocarcinoma.

Effects of carbon tetrachloride on structures in hepatocytes following DMN induced hepatotoxicity.: Young Chun Kang, Hae Joo Nam, Dong Suk Kim, Won Hee Choi, Tae Sook Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):84-94. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.84

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of high dose carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) on the hepatotoxic effect of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) which induces acute hemorrhagic necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally DMN dissolved in physiologic saline by a dose of 40 mg/kg. For changes related to CCI⁴ pretreatment, rats were injected intraperitoneally CCI⁴ dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4 mg/kg, and then injected DMN. The livers were extracted from the rats 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after CCI⁴ and/ or DMN injection. Liver tissues were examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows; Light microscopic findings: Severe centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis developed from 12 hours after injection of DMN and continued to 120 hours. On injection of DMN after CCI4 pretreatment, Massive necrosis occurred early. But active regenerative changes were produced in 24 hours. In 120 hours, the liver recovered in almost normal appearance. The degree of necrosis in pretreated group was similar to that in DMN injection only, and the time of recovery was faster in pretreated group. Electron microscopic findings: The early change was mainly disorganization of RER in DMN injection, and clumping and vesicular dilatation of ER in injection of CCI4. In pretreatment group, the early change was similar in appearance with CCI4 group, but severer in degree. According to the results, it was revealed that acute toxic effect of DMN was recovered more rapidly in pretreatment group. Thus it was suggested that CCI4 had protective effect in DMN hepatotoxicity.

Effect of GABA on the contratility of small intestine isolated from rat.: Joon Young Huh, Oh Cheol Kwon, Jeoung Hee Ha, Kwang Youn Lee, Won Joon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):95-105. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.95

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Abstract PDF: This study was designed to investigate the effect of GABA and related substances on the spontaneous contraction of rat small intestine. The rats (Sprague-Dawley), weighing 200-250g, were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the small intestine was isolated. Longitudinal muscle strips from duodenum, jejunum and ileum were suspended in Biancani's isolated muscle chambers and myographied isometrically. GABA and muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist relaxed the duodenum and jejunum significantly, but baclofen-induced relaxation in those muscle strips negligible. The effectiveness of GABA and muscimol in various regions were the greatest on duodenum, and greater on jejunum than on ileum The effect of GABA and muscimol was antagonized by bicuculline, a competitive GABA A receptor antagonist and picrotoxin, a noncompetitive GABA A receptor antagonist. Duodenal relaxation induced by GABA and muscimol was unaffected by hexamethonium, but was prevented by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that GABA inhibit the contractility of smooth muscle with distinct regional difference of efficacy, and the site of inhibitory action is the GABA A receptor existing at the presynaptic membrane of postganglionic excitatory nerves.

A clinical study on multiple myeloma.: Hyeong Ki Hwang, Choong Ki Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Bong Sup Shim, Hyun Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):106-113. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.106

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Abstract PDF: A clinical review of 31 cases of multiple myeloma which were diagnosed by criteria of the SWOG between May 1983 and February 1990 at Yeungnam University Hospital was done. The results were as followings: 1. The peak incidence was in 7th decade and male to female ratio was 1.8:1. 2. The most common presenting symptom at first diagnosis was bone pain (58%), but fever, dyspnea, dizziness and palpable mass were also noted. 3. The distribution of laboratory findings as following diagnostic criteria of Southwest oncology group (SWOG): Plasmacytoma on tissue biopsy was noted 6 cases, bone marrow plasmacytosis with more than 10% plasma cells was 22 cases, monoclonal globulin spike on serum electrophoresis was 24 cases, lytic bone lesions was observed 22 cases. 4. Initial clinical stages were classified as 2 cases in stage I, 3 cases in stage II, 26 cases in stage III (84%). 5. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the distribution of IgG 64%, light chain 22%, IgA 10%, Kappa to Lambda ratio of 1.1:1. 6. Hematologic & biochemical findings revealed anemia with <8.5% of hemoglobin in 42%, hypercalcemia with <10.6 mg% of serum calcium in 22%, azotemia >2.0 mg% of serum creatinine in 19%. 7. The multiple punched out lesion of bone x-ray examination were noticed skull (65%), rib (42%), L-spine (35%), pelvis (23%), T-spine (19%). The initial skeletal roentgenographic findings showed osteoporosis, osteolytic lesion and fracture in 55%, only osteolytic lesion in 23%, only osteoporosis in 10%. 8. Complications of multiple myeloma, such as 10 cases of renal impairment, 8 cases of infection, 16 cases of compression fracture of spine were observed.

A study on dose distribution of small irradiation field in the electron therapy.: Sung Kyu Kim, Sei One Shin, Myung Se Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):114-120. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.114

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Abstract PDF: In electron therapy, low melting point alloy is used for shaping of the field. Electron field shaping material affect the output factor as well as the collimator system. The output factors of electron beams for shaped fields from NELAC-1018 were measured using ionization chamber of Farmer type in water phantom. The output factors of electron beams depend on the incident energy, inherent collimator system and the size of shaped field. Obtained results were followings. 1. In the smaller applicator, output varied extremely according to extent of collimator opening. 2. The higher energy, the output is less varied according to treatment field at small field.

Fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in children.: Ja Woong Koo, Se Dong Kim, Jong Chul Ahn; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):121-127. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.121

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Abstract PDF: We have reviewed seven cases of fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis, one of which was initially misdiagnosed as a fracture of the lateral condyle. There were difficulties in making the diagnosis. The injury must be distinguished from an elbow dislocation and a fracture of the lateral humeral condyle. All seven patients revealed posteromedial displacement of the distal humeral epiphysis on initial x-rays. Three patients were treated by closed reduction and cast immobilization, and four patients by open reduction and internal fixation. All three patients with conservative treatment had slight cubitus varus (under 5 degrees). Two patients with operative treatment had significant deformities of the elbow, one 25 degrees of valgus and one 20 degrees of varus. In treatment of these injuries, accurate evaluation of the state of reduction is most important. We got acceptable results with a conservative treatment.

Low volume peritoneal dialysis in newborns and infants.: Young Hoon Park, Soo Ho Ahn, Son Moon Shin, Jeong Ok Hah; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):128-137. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.128

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Abstract PDF: Peritoneal dialysis has been widely considered to be the dialytic treatment of choice for acute renal failure in infants and young children, because the technique is simple, safe and easily adapted for these patients. Also peritoneal dialysis in infants might have more effective ultrafiltration and clearance than in adults. In certain circumstances associated with hemodynamic instability, ordinary volume peritoneal dialysis (30-50 ml/kg body weight per exchange) or hemodialysis may not be suitable unfortunately. But frequent cycled, low volume, high concentration peritoneal dialysis may be more available to manage the acute renal failure of newborns and infants. Seven infants underwent peritoneal dialysis for hemodynamically unstable acute renal failure with low exchange volume (14.2±4.2 ml/kg), short exchange time (30 to 45 minutes) and hypertonic glucose solution (4.25% dextrose). Age was 1.9±1.3 months and body weight was 4.6±1.6 kg. Etiology of acute renal failure was secondary to sepsis with or without shock (5 cases) and postcardiac operation (2 cases). Catheter was inserted percutaneously with pigtail catheter or Tenkhoff catheter by Seldinger method. Dialysate was commercially obtained Peritosol which contained sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, lactate and calcium. Net ultrafiltration (ml/min) showed no difference between low volume dialysis and control (0.27±0.09 versus 0.29±0.09). Blood BUN decreased from 95.7±37.5 to 75.7±25.9 mg/dl and blood pH increased from 7.122±0.048 to 7.326±0.063 after 24 hours of peritoneal dialysis. We experienced hyperglycemia which were controlled by insulin (2 episodes), leakage at the exit site (2), mild hyponatremia (1) and Escherichia coli peritonitis (1). Two children of low volume dialysis died despite the treatment. In our experience, low volume and high concentration peritoneal dialysis with frequent exchange may have sufficient ultrafiltration and clearance without significant complications in the certain risked acute renal failure of infants.

Existance of cholinergic and purinergic receptor on the detrusor muscle of rat urinary bladder.: Tae Su Choi, Oh Cheol Kwon, Jeoung Hee Ha, Kwang Youn Lee, Won Joon Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):138-149. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.138

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Abstract PDF: This study was aimed at investigation of the stimulatory innervations on the rat urinary bladder. Detrusor muscle strips of 15 mm long were suspended in isolated muscle chambers containing 1 ml of PSS maintained at 37℃ and aerated with 95% O²/5% Co². Isometric myography was performed, and the results were as followings: Muscle strips showed “on-contraction” by electric field stimulation (EFS) frequency-dependently. The EFS-induced contraction was not affected by hexamethonium, a ganglion blocker, but abolished by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conduction blocker. Physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor enhanced the EFS-induced contraction which was inhibited by hemicholinium, an inhibitor of choline uptake at the cholinergic nerve ending. Such an EFS-induced contraction was antagonized by atropine only partially, and the atropine-resistant portion was completely abolished by the desensitization of purinergic receptors by prolonged incubating of the strips in the presence of high concentration of ATP. Bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, elicited concentration-dependent contraction. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a purinergic agonist, induced a weak but concentration-dependent contraction of short duration. Bethanechol-induced contraction was not affected by ATP-desensitization, and ATP-induced contraction was not affected by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that there are at least two main stimulatory components of innervations in the detrusor muscle, cholinergic muscarinic and purinergic; and those receptors are independent each other.

Morbidity pattern of residents in urban poor area by health screening.: Chang Yoon Kim, Jun Sakong, Seok Beom Kim, Pock Soo Kang, Jong Hak Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):150-157. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.150

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of urban residents in the poor area by health screening for the community diagnosis. The items of health screening were history taking and physical examination by medical doctor and hearing test, check blood pressure, test for hematocrit, liver function (sGOT, sGPT), urine sugar and protein, and chest X-ray. The examinee in health screening were 437 persons and they occupied 16.9% of total residents in the poor area. Male examinee were 129 persons (9.9% of total residents) and female examinee were 308 persons (23.9% of total residents). Age group of above sixty years old, 42.0% of total residents in the poor area were participated, but only 5.9% were participated in age group of 10 to 19 years old. Among the 437 examinee, 191 persons (43.7%) had one or more abnormal findings in health screening. In male 38.7% had abnormal findings, and somewhat lower than that of female (45.8%). Age group of above sixty years had most high rate of abnormal findings (69.8%), in contrast to age group of 10 to 19 years old (10.9%). Diseases of the digestive system was the most common and which occupies 23.7% of total abnormal findings. And diseases of the circulatory system occupied 19.7%. Low hematocrit (14.6% of total participants of 437 persons) occupies the most common abnormal findings for screening test (hematocrit, blood pressure, hearing test, sGOT/sGPT, urine protein and urine sugar, chest X-ray) and high blood pressure (10.1%) occupied second, third; hearing impairment (5.5%), fourth; abnormal liver function (4.1%), fifth; sugar in urine (2.3%), sixth; protein in urine (1.4%) and lastly abnormal chest X-ray (0.9%). The positive rate of abnormal findings in health screening was very high compared with morbidity rate by health interview. It is supposed that some portion of this high rate is by selection bias in examinee in health screening specially high participating rate in older age, and the other portion is due to the low socioeconomic status and bad environment of the residents of the poor area. These findings will be good information for the research and development of health care system in the urban poor area.

Correlation between Microalbuminuria Checked by RIA & Micral-Test®.: Chan Woo Lee, Kyu Chang Won, Soo Bong Choi; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):158-163. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.158

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Abstract PDF: It is evident that an elevation of airway albumin excreation rate without clinical proteinuria strongly predicts a later progression on diabetic renal disease. So we studied the correlation between Microalbumin checkly RIA & Micral-Test®. We collected urine between 08:00 h and 08:00 h next day and then checked microalbuminuria by radioimmunoassay method and Micral-Test® The results are as follows: 1. There was significant correlation between microalbuminuria checked by RIA & Micral-Test® 2. There was poor correlation between diabetes duration or HV-A1c and maximal change in albumin excreation rate. 3. So we concluded that Micral-Test® can be used in laboratory instead of RIA.

Clinical observation of acute drug intoxications.: Jun Ha Chun, Kyung Chul Shin, Jin Hong Chung, Chong Ki Lee, Bong Sup Shim, Hyun Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):164-173. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.164

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Abstract PDF: Clinical observations were made on 349 cases of acute drug intoxication who were visited to emergency room of Yeungnam University Hospital during recent 7 years from January 1984 to December 1990. The following results were obtained. 1) Total number of cases of acute drug intoxication was 349 which was 0.39% of the total patients of the emergency room during the same period. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. The age incidence was highest in the third decade (26.7%). The monthly incidence was highest in May. Higher frequency was observed in summer season. 3) The most common drug of the intoxication was pesticides and herbicides (71.9%), the remainders were miscellaneous drugs (11.2%), sedatives (7.7%), rodenticides (6.3%) and unknown drug (3.2%) in orders. 4) The most common cause of drug intoxication was suicide (69.1%) and the others were accident, unknown cause, intention in orders. 5) Main clinical manifestations were the impairment of consciousness, nausea, vomiting and convulsion. Physical examination revealed increased pulses, increased blood pressure, miosis of the pupil and sweating. Above symptoms and signs were more prominent in pesticide intoxication. Leukocytosis, glycosuria and abnormal LFT were common findings in acute intoxications. 6) The complications were developed in 18.3% among 349 cases and the most common complication was respiratory failure, pneumonia, cardiovascular collapse and pulmonary edema in orders. 7) Overall mortality rate was 8.3% of total cases and mortality rate was highest in herbicide intoxication (22.2%).

A study on the accidents of the residents in a rural area.: Pock Soo Kang, Kyeong Soo Lee, Seok Beom Kim, Chang Yoon Kim, Ok Keum Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):174-184. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.174

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Abstract PDF: To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyeongpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring (29.4%) and summer (29.4%), and the lowest in fall (17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday (24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post (51.8%) and the next was clinic (38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occurred in the room and kitchen (23.5%), in the yard and barn (23.5%), on the road (22.4%), and in the rice field and dry field (20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident (20.0%), piercing or cutting (20.0%), collision or fighting (12.9%), and poisoning (11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injured part of body was extremity 55.3%.

Comparison of medical care utilization patterns between beneficiaries of medical aid and medical insurance.: Bok Youn Kim, Seok Beom Kim, Chang Yoon Kim, Pock Soo Kang, Jong Hak Chung; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):185-201. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.185

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Abstract PDF: A household survey was conducted to compare the patterns of morbidity and medical care utilization between medical aid beneficiaries and medical insurance beneficiaries. The study population included 285 medical aid beneficiaries that were completely surveyed and 386 medical insurance beneficiaries selected by simple random sampling from a Dong (Township) in Taegu. Well-trained surveyors mainly interviewed housewives with a structured questionnaire. The morbidity rates of acute illness during the 15-day period, were 63 per 1,000 medical aid beneficiaries and 62 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The rates for chronic illness were 123 per 1,000 medical beneficiaries and 73 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The most common type of acute illness in medical aid and medical insurance beneficiaries was respiratory disease in medical aid beneficiaries, musculoskeletal disease was most common, but in medical insurance beneficiaries, gastrointestinal disease was most common. The mean duration of acute illness of medical aid beneficiaries was 3.8 days and that of medical insurance beneficiaries was 6.8 days. During the one year period, mean duration of medical aid beneficiaries chronic illnesses was 11.5 months which was almost twice as long compared to medical insurance beneficiaries. Pharmacy was most preferable facility among the acute illness patient in medical aid beneficiaries, but acute cases of medical insurance beneficiaries visited the clinic most commonly. Chronic cases of both groups visited the clinic most frequently. There were some findings suggesting that much unmet need existed among the medical aid beneficiaries. In acute cases, the average number of days of medical aid users utilized medical facilities was less than medical insurance users. On the other hand, the length of medical care utilization of chronic cases was reversed. Geographical accessibility was the most important factors in utilization of medical facilities. Almost half of the study population answered the questions about source of funds on medical security correctly. Most respondents considered that the objective of medical security was affordability. The chief complaint on hospital utilization was the complicated administrative procedures. These findings suggest that there were some problems in the medical aid system, especially in the referral system.

Clinical evaluation of pediatric hand injury.: Jeong Jin Kim, Jeong Cheol Kim, Dong Bo Suh, See Ho Choi, Jung Hyun Seul; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):202-208. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.202

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Hand injury in children was increased due to multiple environmental risks and failed attention of parents to children in rapidly developing society. By the results of this evaluation in 37 cases, it was summarized as follows. First, hand injuries in children most commonly occurs in spring, and occurs more commonly in the children at the age of high activity. The most common level of injury is zone I by microreplantation zone, and zone II by tendon injury zone. The more desirable results were obtained by full thickness skin graft and composite graft if it were possible. For the better functional results compare to adults, the methods and procedures must be constructed after more evaluation with more clinical cases. In the cases of pediatric hand injury, the most important fact is prevention of injury, with the close attention by parents, and the second is appropriate diagnosis and treatment for more functional results.

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Difference in the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics by age groups of the children who visited a hand center emergency department with a hand injury requiring surgery
Donghun Kwak, Shindeuk Lee, Jinhyun Yoo, Hyunwoong Noh, Yunjun Kim, Insung Kim
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2016; 3(2): 53. CrossRef

Case Reports

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.: Young Jin Kim, Tae Nyun Kim, Myung Soo Hyun, Bong Sup Shim, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung Suk Kim; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):209-216. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.209

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Abstract PDF: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and rapidly fatal disease characterized by proliferation of megakaryocyte series and atypical megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is suspicious when 1) megakaryocyte in peripheral blood, mixture of large and small mononuclear megakaryoblast in the bone marrow 2) cytoplasmic budding in blast 3) myelofibrosis (dense medullary overgrowth of reticulin fibers) 4) PAS (+), ANAE (+), SBB (−), peroxidase (−) and which is confirmed by platelet peroxidase oxidation on electron microscope or monoclonal antibody. A case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was studied morphologically and monoclonal antibody.

Radiologic findings of mediastinal fibromatosis.: You Song Chang, Jae Ho Cho, Kil Ho Cho, Mee Soo Hwang, Bok Hwan Park; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):217-221. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.217

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Abstract PDF: The fibromatosis is a rare timorous with local invasion, but is not metastasized distantly. This term should not be applied to nonspecific reactive fibrous proliferations that are part of an inflammatory process of are secondary to injury of hemorrhage and have no tendency toward growth or recurrence. It arises principally from the connective tissue of muscle and overlying fascia or aponeurosis (musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis), and chiefly affects the muscle of shoulder, pelvic girdle, and extremity. The term 'aggressive fibromatosis' is also employed to describe this disease, but it is impossible to predict the clinical course in the individual case. The fibromatosis arising in the mediastinum is very rare, and the report about it is nearly absent. The plain radiography shows merely mass with soft tissue density. The CT demonstrates a poorly defined homogenous or heterogeneous mass, isodense with skeletal muscle on precontrast-images, and slightly hyperdense to muscle on postcontrast-scan. Accurate delineation between the tumor & surrounding tissue is vague or frequently impossible. The authors experienced one case of the mediastinal fibromatosis recently and report the case with review of concerned literature.

Lumbar synovial cyst associated with retrolis thesis: a case report.: Sang Joon Choi, Sam Kyu Ko, Oh Lyong Kim, Yong Chul Chi, Byung Yearn Choi, Soo Ho Cho; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):222-226. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.222

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Abstract PDF: In advent of high-resolutional CT and MRI, it is not so difficult to detect the lumbar synovial cyst, however the unusual disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of cauda equine compression syndromes. The case of a 55-year-old man who had a low back pain and severe radiating pain on both legs showed a retrolisthesis at L3-4 and L4-5 and epidural enhancing mass just around L4-5 facet joint on MRI. Microscopically a lining of synovial tissue was demonstrated. After surgery of the total resection of synovial cyst and stabilization, the patient's presenting symptoms were improved.

A case of SIADH in small cell lung cancer.: Kyu Chang Won, Jong Sik Lim, Chan Woo Lee, Hyoung Woo Lee, Choong Ki Lee, Jin Hong Chung, Myoung Soo Hyun, Bong Sup Shim, Hyun Woo Lee; Yeungnam Univ J Med. 1991;8(2):227-234. Published online December 31, 1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1991.8.2.227

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Abstract PDF: The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion is a disorder characterized by hyponatremia which results from water retention attributable to ADH release. The hallmark of SIADH is hyponatremia due to water retention, in the presence of urinary osmolality above plasma osmolality. The SIADH was initially described by Schwartz et al (1957). This syndrome, first recognized in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, has now been observed in a variety of other illnesses. Recently, we encountered a 59 year-old female with small cell lung cancer, also she had SIADH. Thus, we present a case and review the literature on the subject.

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