Department of Physiology and Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Copyright © 2021 Yeungnam University College of Medicine
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Antioxidant | Gene modification | Metabolic phenotype |
---|---|---|
SOD1 | Global KO | Reduction in β-cell volume and insulin secretion/unaltered insulin sensitivity and increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production in muscle [41] |
Global OE | Improved glucose intolerance and reduced skeletal muscle hydrogen peroxide generation and oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice [42] | |
SOD2 | Hz global KO | Impaired insulin secretion, increased ROS in islets, and unaltered insulin sensitivity [43] |
Global OE | Improved glucose intolerance and reduced skeletal muscle oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice [42] | |
Unaltered insulin sensitivity and reduced hydrogen peroxide generation in HFD-fed mice [44] | ||
Skeletal muscle OE | Improved insulin resistance and reduced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of rats [45] | |
Catalase | Global KO | Exacerbated HFD-induced insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress in white adipose tissue [46] |
Accelerated HFD-induced obesity and increased oxidative stress in white adipose tissue [47] | ||
Global OE | Reduction in fat mass, oxidative stress, and glucose levels in ob/ob mice [48] | |
Mitochondrial OE | Improved insulin resistance and reduced hydrogen peroxide generation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle [44,49] | |
Improved insulin resistance and reduced hydrogen peroxide generation and lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice [50] | ||
SOD2 and | Global SOD2 OE and mitochondrial catalase OE | Improved insulin resistance and reduced hydrogen peroxide generation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. No difference in insulin sensitivity or hydrogen peroxide generation compared with that of mitochondrial catalase OE only [44] |
catalase | ||
GPx1 | Global OE | Increased fat mass and the development of insulin resistance [51] |
Global KO | Improved insulin resistance, enhanced production of ROS and oxidation of PTP [52] | |
Liver KO | Improved insulin sensitivity, increased hydrogen peroxide generation in hepatocyte and oxidation of PTP [53] | |
GPx1 and | Global KO | Prevention of obesity, improved glucose tolerance, and attenuated nonalcoholic fatty liver in HFD-fed mice [54] |
catalase | ||
GRx2 | Global KO | Exacerbated obesity and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice/exacerbated oxidative stress by HFD in brain [55] |
Prx2 | Global KO | Exacerbated aging-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in muscle [56] |
Prevented obesity and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice [57] | ||
Reduced insulin sensitivity and increased oxidative stress in control diet/no effect on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice [58] | ||
Prx3 | Global KO | Induced obesity, increased oxidative stress, and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity/increased superoxide levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [59] |
Global OE | Reduced mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels and oxidative stress and improved glucose intolerance [60] | |
Prx4 | Global OE | Improved glucose intolerance in STZ mice and reduced oxidative stress and steatohepatitis in HFD-fed STZ mice [61] |
Prx6 | Global KO | Reduced insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity [62] |
MsrA | Global KO | Impaired glucose tolerance and exacerbated insulin resistance and oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice [63] |
Mitochondrial OE | Improved insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice/preserve insulin sensitivity without cytosolic MsrA [64] | |
Cytoplasmic OE | Unaltered insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice [64] | |
MsrB1 | Global KO | No effect on insulin sensitivity, hydrogen peroxide levels, or oxidative stress in HFD-fed mice [40] |
SelW | Global KO | No change in oxidative stress or insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice [39] |
Trial start year | Drug | Target condition and disease |
---|---|---|
2010 | Quercetin | Obesity/type 2 diabetes |
2014 | Blackcurrants/green currants | Type 2 diabetes |
Vitamin E and C | Type 2 diabetes/fatty liver/obesity/healthy volunteers | |
2015 | Grape seed polyphenolic extract and resveratrol | Mild cognitive impairment and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes |
Blueberry tea | Type 2 diabetes | |
2016 | Melatonin | Prediabetes/obesity |
Metadoxine | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/prediabetes | |
Chlorogenic acid enriched coffee | Type 2 diabetes/chronic renal insufficiency | |
2017 | Vitamin D | Vitamin D deficiency/glucose intolerance/oxidative stress/insulin resistance |
2018 | Hydrolyzed pine nut oil/hydrolyzed pine nut oil and olive oil | Type 2 diabetes/obesity |
Green tea extract | Diabetic nephropathy, type 2 | |
Sanprobi barrier (multispecies probiotic) | Type 2 diabetes/metformin adverse reaction | |
Transresveratrol | Type 2 diabetes/coronary artery disease | |
Pentoxifylline | Chronic kidney disease stage 3 and 4/type 2 diabetes | |
Naturally-sweetened orange juice | Cardiovascular risk factor/type 2 diabetes/insulin sensitivity/metabolic syndrome | |
2019 | Melatonin/metformin | Prediabetes |
Solarplast (a mixture of antioxidant enzymes and single antioxidant molecules) | Oxidative stress/healthy aging/skin health | |
Melatonin | Diabetes mellitus | |
Melatonin | Metabolic disease/insulin sensitivity/glucose metabolism disorders/type 2 diabetes/blood pressure/inflammation | |
Olive oil | Type 2 diabetes/platelet dysfunction/postprandial hyperglycemia | |
2020 | Docosahexaenoic acid and lutein enriched eggs | Diabetic retinopathy |
Vitamin C, D, and zinc | Type 2 diabetes | |
Alpha-lipoic acid | Type 2 diabetes/diabetic polyneuropathy |
SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2; KO, knockout; OE, overexpression; HFD, high-fat diet; Hz, heterozygous; ROS, reactive oxygen species; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; PTP, protein-tyrosine phosphatase; GRx, glutaredoxin; Prx, peroxiredoxin; STZ mice, streptozotocin-injected mice; Msr, methionine sulfoxide reductase; SelW, selenoprotein W.